<rss version="2.0" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><channel><title>anewunderstanding</title><description>anewunderstanding</description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/blog</link><item><title>Denver Voters Approve Measure To Decriminalize Psilocybin Mushrooms</title><description><![CDATA[It is official - Denver will become the first city in the United States to decriminalize psilocybin mushrooms. This announcement is based on Wednesday's results of the ballot initiative, Denver Initiated Ordinance 301, which called for the city of Denver to end the imposition of criminal penalties for individuals the age of 21 and older who are found using or possessing psilocybin.On Thursday May 16, the Denver Elections Divisions will certify results of the initiative, but the final count on<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_02e03e8c26714c63998dc267e881b026%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_328/b579b3_02e03e8c26714c63998dc267e881b026%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2019/05/09/Denver-Voters-Approve-Measure-To-Decriminalize-Psilocybin-Mushrooms</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2019/05/09/Denver-Voters-Approve-Measure-To-Decriminalize-Psilocybin-Mushrooms</guid><pubDate>Thu, 09 May 2019 22:19:19 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_02e03e8c26714c63998dc267e881b026~mv2.jpg"/><div>It is official - Denver will become the first city in the United States to decriminalize psilocybin mushrooms. This announcement is based on Wednesday's results of the ballot initiative, <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Denver,_Colorado,_Initiated_Ordinance_301,_Psilocybin_Mushroom_Initiative_(May_2019)">Denver Initiated Ordinance 301</a>, which called for the city of Denver to end the imposition of criminal penalties for individuals the age of 21 and older who are found using or possessing psilocybin.</div><div>On Thursday May 16, the Denver Elections Divisions will certify results of the initiative, but the final count on its website as of Wednesday May 8 was 50.56% of voters in favor and 49.44% against. Winner by a hair, so to speak.</div><div>If the initiative is given final approved, psilocybin will unfortunately still be classified as an illegal substance under both Colorado state and US federal laws. The DEA's classification of the psilocybin will remain Schedule 1, meaning it will still be regarded as &quot;having a high potential for abuse with no accepted medical application,&quot; but this is a momentous occasion nonetheless as it brings us, as a nation, one step closer to total re-classification. </div><div><a href="https://decriminalizedenver.org/">Decriminalize Denver</a>, the group responsible for getting Tuesday’s ballot question on the poll, strongly advocates the wide range of medical benefits that psilocybin research continues to unveil. Such benefits include, but are not limited to, combating depression and anxiety, aiding with substance addictions, alleviating symptoms of treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and bringing comfort to terminal patients who are facing the end of life.</div><div>Most of those who opposed the initiative believe that passing it would increase the city’s image as a &quot;haven for drugs.&quot; Even Denver District Attorney Beth McCann opposed the initiative, although she is in support of forming a review panel under the initiative to study the effects more closely once the initiative results become certified on the 19th.</div><div>References</div><div>Carhart-Harris, R. L. &amp; Goodwin, G. M. The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Drugs: Past, Present and Future. Neuropsychopharmacology, 10.1038/npp.2017.84 (2017). [PMC free article] </div><div>Watts, R. D., Krzanowski, C, Nutt, J. D. &amp; Carhart-Harris, R, L. Patients’ accounts of increased ‘connection’ and ‘acceptance’ after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2017).</div><div>Barnby, Joseph M, and Mitul A Mehta. “Psilocybin and Mental Health-Don't Lose Control.” Frontiers in psychiatry vol. 9 293. 3 Jul. 2018, doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00293</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Graham Hancock - Psychedelics Allow Access To Non-Physical Realms Of Reality</title><description><![CDATA[Author and Historian, Graham Hancock, speaks on how altered states induced by psychedelics and the like may enable the mind to connect to non-physical realms that surround waking reality, but are normally not accessible by our limited senses.Video Courtesy of MYTHAPHI<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_283c1ce0a25b4e0485731b79dc6be38b%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_327/b579b3_283c1ce0a25b4e0485731b79dc6be38b%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2019/04/25/Graham-Hancock---Psychedelics-Allow-Access-To-Non-Physical-Realms-Of-Reality</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2019/04/25/Graham-Hancock---Psychedelics-Allow-Access-To-Non-Physical-Realms-Of-Reality</guid><pubDate>Fri, 05 Apr 2019 17:53:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_283c1ce0a25b4e0485731b79dc6be38b~mv2.jpg"/><div>Author and Historian, Graham Hancock, speaks on how altered states induced by psychedelics and the like may enable the mind to connect to non-physical realms that surround waking reality, but are normally not accessible by our limited senses.</div><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5lnLcRR35bY"/><div>Video Courtesy of <a href="http://mythaphi.com/">MYTHAPHI</a></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Brain Scans Reveal How LSD Affects Consciousness</title><description><![CDATA[It is an exciting time in human history, for it seems as if everyday continues to bring with it new and exciting breakthroughs and discoveries. This is especially apparent in the research of psychoactive substances, such as psilocybin, MDMA and LSD, and their effects on human psychology and physiology. Earlier this week, a research team from Imperial College London and the Beckley Foundation released the first photographic imagery to ever capture the brain's activity while under the effect of<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_c8f39ac5c7b84623b249c29915ec4023%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_328/b579b3_c8f39ac5c7b84623b249c29915ec4023%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2018/06/17/Brain-Scans-Reveal-How-LSD-Affects-Consciousness</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2018/06/17/Brain-Scans-Reveal-How-LSD-Affects-Consciousness</guid><pubDate>Wed, 17 Oct 2018 17:12:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_c8f39ac5c7b84623b249c29915ec4023~mv2.jpg"/><div>It is an exciting time in human history, for it seems as if everyday continues to bring with it new and exciting breakthroughs and discoveries. This is especially apparent in the research of psychoactive substances, such as psilocybin, MDMA and LSD, and their effects on human psychology and physiology. </div><div>Earlier this week, a research team from <a href="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/">Imperial College London</a> and the <a href="http://beckleyfoundation.org/">Beckley Foundation</a> released the first photographic imagery to ever capture the brain's activity while under the effect of LSD. To capture these images, the team administered either a 75 mg dose of LSD or a placebo to a group of volunteers. Their brains were then analysed using two unique types of MRI scan, as well as an MEG to detect brain waves. The image below is the comparison in the results of the two groups of individuals.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_430a80f6317c4f4b91ebe82047798822~mv2.png"/><div>The abundant amount of activity seen in the brains that were affected by LSD serves as concrete evidence of the mysterious link between the LSD experience and mysterious changes in brain activity. At the time of the scans, the individuals that had received the LSD were reporting vivid hallucinations, even in the dark and with closed eyes, that correlated with heightened activity in their visual cortex.  Lead researcher Dr Robin Carhart-Harris from the Department of Medicine at Imperial explained: &quot;We observed brain changes under LSD that suggested our volunteers were 'seeing with their eyes shut' -- albeit they were seeing things from their imagination rather than from the outside world. We saw that many more areas of the brain than normal were contributing to visual processing under LSD -- even though the volunteers' eyes were closed. Furthermore, the size of this effect correlated with volunteers' ratings of complex, dreamlike visions.  These findings, published in <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/04/05/1518377113">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a> (PNAS), are a key major component that clinical researchers have been waiting for. This photographic demonstration of the quantifiable effects of LSD on the brain presents us with a clearer understanding of the ways in which it may prove effective in treating certain psychiatric illnesses. David Nutt, former chief government drug advisor, was also part of this research team and stated that this work is &quot;the most important thing I have ever done.&quot; It is results like this that are beginning to pry open the &quot;floodgates&quot; to more refined studies and potential medical breakthroughs.</div><div>References</div><div> Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Suresh Muthukumaraswamy, Leor Roseman, Mendel Kaelen, Wouter Droog, Kevin Murphy, Enzo Tagliazucchi, Eduardo E. Schenberg, Timothy Nest, Csaba Orban, Robert Leech, Luke T. Williams, Tim M. Williams, Mark Bolstridge, Ben Sessa, John McGonigle, Martin I. Sereno, David Nichols, Peter J. Hellyer, Peter Hobden, John Evans, Krish D. Singh, Richard G. Wise, H. Valerie Curran, Amanda Feilding, and David J. Nutt. &quot;<a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/04/05/1518377113">Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging.</a>&quot; PNAS 2016 : 1518377113v1-201518377. &quot;<a href="http://beckleyfoundation.org/2016/04/lsd-revealed-scientific-papers-from-the-beckleyimperial-research-programme/">LSD Revealed: Scientific Papers from the Beckley/Imperial Research Programme.</a>&quot; The Beckley Foundation RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2016. Cormier, Zoe. &quot;<a href="https://www.nature.com/news/brain-scans-reveal-how-lsd-affects-consciousness-1.19727?WT.mc_id=FBK_NA_1604_NEWSLSDSCANS_PORTFOLIO">Brain Scans Reveal How LSD Affects Consciousness.</a>&quot; Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2016.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>How the Plants Contained Within an Ayahuasca Brew Amalgamate to Create a Powerful Spiritual Experience</title><description><![CDATA[Over the past couple decades, consciousness adventurers from all around the world have been journeying to the Amazon rainforest in search of the sacred medicinal properties bore by its plant life. The medicine of which we speak is known as ayahuasca, a traditional brew that the Amazonian natives have used in shamanic practice for centuries. In recent years, Ayahuasca and the psychological journeys that it can induce have become so popular, that it seems to have become veritably trendy to partake<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_5241b2ad5eeb402d9a7b326388a2b264%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_328/b579b3_5241b2ad5eeb402d9a7b326388a2b264%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2018/01/23/How-the-Plants-Contained-Within-an-Ayahuasca-Brew-Amalgamate-to-Create-a-Powerful-Spiritual-Experience</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2018/01/23/How-the-Plants-Contained-Within-an-Ayahuasca-Brew-Amalgamate-to-Create-a-Powerful-Spiritual-Experience</guid><pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 2018 15:19:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_5241b2ad5eeb402d9a7b326388a2b264~mv2.jpg"/><div>Over the past couple decades, consciousness adventurers from all around the world have been journeying to the Amazon rainforest in search of the sacred medicinal properties bore by its plant life. The medicine of which we speak is known as ayahuasca, a traditional brew that the Amazonian natives have used in shamanic practice for centuries. In recent years, Ayahuasca and the psychological journeys that it can induce have become so popular, that it seems to have become veritably trendy to partake in a ritual, especially among young adults and the psychedelically predisposed. Ironically, however, we realize that there are many individuals - even some who have ingested it - that do not understand what it is exactly that makes ayahuasca so magical, and what sets it apart from the other psychoactive compounds.</div><div>So, what is ayahuasca?</div><div>Ayahuasca is not simply one substance, but rather a carefully crafted concoction created by brewing at least two Amazonian plants together, often more. The primary ingredient, and the image that comes to most people's mind when thinking of ayahuasca, is the vine Banisteriopsis caapi. The vine is shredded and brewed together with the leaves of other indigenous plants, such as Diplopterys cabrerana, Psychotria viridis and Jurema preta. This combination of plants, if done correctly, results in a potion that contains both a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) and DMT and is guaranteed to bring about an experience unlike any other. The strength and effectiveness of Ayahuasca can vary wildly, as it depends entirely on the quality of the ingredients and the experience of the shaman that is brewing it.</div><div>DMT and MAO Inhibition</div><div>The intense experiences that ayahuasca is known for are a direct result of the DMT combined with the MAO inhibition. Naturally, our bodies contain monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme that reacts to DMT and immediately begins breaking it down - drastically reducing its effectiveness and life span. However, with an MAO inhibitor - often either hamine, hermaline, or d-Tetrahydroharmine - the enzymes are unable to rapidly break down the DMT, resulting in a long and intense journey as the DMT runs its unobstructed course.</div><div>Banisteriopsis caapi</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_1f06039e24f14bc6908ec6bd81dc156c~mv2.jpg"/><div>The effects of ayahuasca</div><div>Ayahuasca experiences are incredibly powerful, usually lasting between 4 to 6 hours. Rather than being described as a 'trip,' many describe it as a vision; a dream-like state in which spirits, animals, deities, and guides are manifested and even interacted with. Some individuals come back saying they have seen the future, or that they have visited regions of the world that they have never before been to. Others have said that they were granted the ability to fly over prismatic plains or what seemed like realms of geometric synchronization. While under the effects of ayahuasca, it is as if the individual's mind has been taken from this reality, and placed into another. Being responsible for such profoundly powerful effects, it is clear to see how this concoction has earned its place in spiritual practice and guidance among Amazonian natives. While many people will speak of the intense psychological effects of ayahuasca, it is also important that the physical effects of it are also addressed. Consuming ayahuasca, for most people, tends to be paired with purging - vomiting and even diarrhea in some cases. Traditionally, this purging is viewed as a cleansing experience in which the traveler is able to associate this expulsion with underlying traumas that they are ridding themselves of. Other physiological effects can include cold flashes, tremors, increased heart rate, variations in blood pressure, and profuse sweating. Though ayahuasca use in the proper environment is considered to be a safe practice, there is one theoretical concern that anyone taking it should be aware of. Tyramine is a compound that is found within many types of foods and is broken down by the body's MAO enzymes. Under the effects of MAO inhibition, however, it is understood that tyramine cannot be properly dealt with. Excessive amounts of tyramine in the body can potentially lead to a hypertensive crisis. Again, in the case of ayahuasca, this is only a theoretical complication, as no such reaction has ever been documented.</div><div>References</div><div>Gable, Robert. &quot;Risk Assessment of Ritual Use of Oral Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and Harmala Alkaloids.&quot; Wiley Online Library. Addiction, 102: 24–34. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01652.x N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2016. Ott, Jonathan. &quot;Pharmahuasca: Human Pharmacology of Oral DMT Plus Harmine.&quot; Taylor &amp; Francis. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 171-177. doi:10.1080/02791072.1999.10471741 N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2016.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Psychedelic Research: A Look into the Past, Present and Future</title><description><![CDATA[Artwork by Tithi LuadthongPsychedelics in particular are nothing new to human history and have served as catalysts and vehicles of consciousness in many cultures and societies. Walsh (2003) lists various examples in his article, 'Enthoegens: True or False?' Historical examples include Hinduism’s soma, the Zoroastrian haoma, the Australian Aboriginals’ Pituri, Zen’s tea, the kykeon of the Greek Eleusinian mysteries (Smith, 1964), and the wine of Dionysis Eleutherios (Dionysis the Liberator)<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_7df0b10fe0e14db0aa2cecddecba1540%7Emv2.png/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_328/b579b3_7df0b10fe0e14db0aa2cecddecba1540%7Emv2.png"/>]]></description><dc:creator>Christopher Shell</dc:creator><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2018/01/22/Psychedelic-Research-A-Look-into-the-Past-Present-and-Future</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2018/01/22/Psychedelic-Research-A-Look-into-the-Past-Present-and-Future</guid><pubDate>Fri, 02 Mar 2018 18:29:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_7df0b10fe0e14db0aa2cecddecba1540~mv2.png"/><div>Artwork by Tithi Luadthong</div><div>Psychedelics in particular are nothing new to human history and have served as catalysts and vehicles of consciousness in many cultures and societies. Walsh (2003) lists various examples in his article, 'Enthoegens: True or False?'</div><div>Historical examples include Hinduism’s soma, the Zoroastrian haoma, the Australian  Aboriginals’ Pituri, Zen’s tea, the kykeon of the Greek Eleusinian mysteries (Smith, 1964),  and the wine of Dionysis Eleutherios (Dionysis the Liberator) (Marrero, 2003). Contemporary  examples include the native American peyote, the Rastafarian ganja (marijuana), and the  South American shamans’ ayahuasca (Harner, 1973; Walsh, 1990). Clearly there has been  widespread agreement across centuries and cultures that psychedelics are capable of  inducing genuine religious experiences (Grinspoon &amp; Bakalar, 1997; Grob, 2002; Hunt Badiner, 2002; Roberts, 2001; Smith, 2000). (p. 1)</div><div> Unfortunately despite the historical precedence and prevalence of psychedelic usage in various societal structures throughout history, research on psychedelics in the United States in the 20th century has endured a rather extreme bias that has stymied any significant studies from exploring promising findings. Since the crackdown of the 1960s, we’ve relied upon the wisps of the research and implications of forerunners like Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert (Ram Dass) who created a great interest in psychedelic usage and their broad implications from an academic standpoint in the U.S merely scratched the surface of the potential of positive psychedelic usage in the future. </div><div>Shortly after Albert Hoffman’s accidental discovery of the psychoactive properties of LSD in 1943, the US government quickly jumped on the scene to put a silent lid on the new drug and create a monopoly of it for their own purposes. The CIA took the lead in this department during a tumultuous second half of the 20th century and the Cold War frenzy that captivated the world.  Their early dealings with LSD and more were uncovered thanks to FOIA (the Freedom of Information Act) in 1967 the form of redacted documents. These accounts were compiled and can be found in both John Mark’s book, The Search for the “Manchurian Candidate” and Martin A. Lee &amp; Bruce Shlain’s, Acid Dreams: The CIA, LSD, and the Sixties Rebellion. </div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_491273ee23b841278791651689d64e8f~mv2.png"/><div>During the early years of the US government monopolizing LSD, CIA agents were known to play a game in which they would randomly slip doses of the drug in each other’s drinks during the work day as a gag. Events such as the unfortunate death by suicide of CIA agent Frank Olsen highlighted the very avant garde nature of the department in how it went about observing the effects of LSD on unwitting subjects at times even experimenting on the public.</div><div>Ironically, LSD did the exact opposite of what was envisioned by our government. As more and more people began to experiment with LSD in the 1960s, what was initially intended to be a mind control and/or performance enhancing drug, became a synthetic vessel for the expansion of consciousness and a vehicle for a new wave of social revolution.  To make matters more interesting, the introduction of psilocybin mushrooms into American culture in 1957 thanks to the first hand experiential account of prominent banker R. Gordon Wasson offered a more natural alternative form of psychedelic to the melting pot of 1960s mental expansion. Thus US political fervor demonized psychedelics. It was no longer something exclusively within their control and thus the US government put a ban on these class of drugs despite many very promising therapeutic potentials displayed in academic and clinical research of that era. Now almost 50 years later, we are approaching a new renaissance regarding psychedelic research and exploring their potentials as a society. From psilocybin to salvia, DMT to MDMA, new research is describing benefits of these class of drugs as holding exciting new therapeutic approaches to curing addictions and substance abuse, reducing feelings of depression and suicide, general anxiety disorders, and PTSD, as well as serving catalysts for innovating problem solving via microdosing. Furthermore psychedelics all have the potential yet no guarantee to serve as entheogens, a term meaning “revealers of the God within” (Walsh, 2003, p. 1). </div><div>We have more and more institutions, organizations, and even universities now taking a strong interest in psychedelic research. Universities like Sofia University are offering graduate level courses in psychedelics research and are receiving a strong showing from a very interested and growing student body. Organizations such as MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association of Psychedelic Studies) are conducting groundbreaking research with MDMA and even well known schools like NYU, Yale, Johns Hopkins are involved in clinical trials using psilocybin mushrooms to treat various conditions.The Harbor-U.C.L.A. Medical Center, and the University of New Mexico are also at the forefront of this movement as well.  Time will tell what the future holds in this field of study in the United States. Despite the many hiccups along the way, the horizon is looking very bright for a better scientific integration of psychedelics in Western medicine. </div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_e3a8ffe0d31b499585e2e2167ee3d547~mv2.jpg"/><div>References</div><div>Walsh, R. (2003). Entheogens: True or False? University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California. The International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, Volume 22, 1-6.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>The Science of Psilocybin Documentary Now Available on iTunes</title><description><![CDATA[The A New Understanding: The Science of Psilocybin documentary is now officially available for preview and purchase on iTunes. Since the film's release in 2015, it has brought together a large family of devoted individuals who have been invaluable in this uphill struggle that we continue to face in making these substances available to those who need them the most. Together, through the spread of awareness and testimonial transparency, we have great hope that we will all see these medicines<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_b6f6127313b246dab59fdce7cf8dcdf5%7Emv2.png/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_327/b579b3_b6f6127313b246dab59fdce7cf8dcdf5%7Emv2.png"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2018/01/09/The-Science-of-Psilocybin-Documentary-Now-Available-on-iTunes</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2018/01/09/The-Science-of-Psilocybin-Documentary-Now-Available-on-iTunes</guid><pubDate>Tue, 09 Jan 2018 18:36:59 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_b6f6127313b246dab59fdce7cf8dcdf5~mv2.png"/><div>The A New Understanding: The Science of Psilocybin documentary is now officially available for preview and purchase on <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/movie/a-new-understanding-the-science-of-psilocybin/id1307739965">iTunes</a>. Since the film's release in 2015, it has brought together a large family of devoted individuals who have been invaluable in this uphill struggle that we continue to face in making these substances available to those who need them the most. Together, through the spread of awareness and testimonial transparency, we have great hope that we will all see these medicines through to the proper recognition and utilization that they deserve.</div><div>For those of you who are not familiar with the film, A New Understanding explores the treatment of end-of-life anxiety in terminally ill cancer patients using psilocybin, a psychoactive compound found in some mushrooms, to facilitate deeply spiritual experiences. The documentary explores the confluence of science and spirituality in the first psychedelic research studies since the 1970s with terminally ill patients.</div><div>As a society we devote a great deal of attention to treating cancer, but very little to treating the human being who is dying of cancer. The recent resurgence of psychedelic research is once again revealing the power of compounds like psilocybin to profoundly alter our understanding of both life and death. Through the eyes of patients, their loved ones, therapists, and researchers, A New Understanding examines the use of psilocybin in a controlled setting to reduce psychospiritual anxiety, depression, and physical pain.</div><div>The treatment aims to help the patient understand that a 'good' death is possible, and to help the patient's family deal well with the dying process. A New Understanding shows patients and their families coming to terms with dying through the skillful treatment of the whole human being. If we can learn to work more skillfully with dying, we will also learn to take better care of life. </div><div>Thank you all for your support and your help in seeing us through to this accomplishment. With our documentary on as many different platforms as possible, we hope to exponentially increase the spread of awareness regarding psilocybin and other medicines of the like.To purchase A New Understanding via iTunes, click <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/movie/a-new-understanding-the-science-of-psilocybin/id1307739965">here</a>. The film will also remain available on its original platform, Vimeo On Demand, <a href="https://vimeo.com/ondemand/anewunderstanding">here</a>.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Stone Age Humans Utilized Mushrooms: Evidence Shows Our Ancient Link To Fungi</title><description><![CDATA[A study done using the tooth plaque of an 18,700 year old woman's remains found a variety of mushroom spores embedded in the prehistoric woman's teeth. This discovery is definitive proof that mushrooms were a part of the human diet by this point in time, predating our previous understanding of fungus being used as a food source by humans by over 3,000 years. This means that stone age humans may have readily identified edible mushrooms, or even sought out mushrooms that held 'special' powers.For<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_b86bfbbed2f84736915b6b3579b9c233%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/12/28/Stone-Age-Humans-Utilized-Mushrooms-Evidence-Shows-Our-Ancient-Link-To-Fungi</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/12/28/Stone-Age-Humans-Utilized-Mushrooms-Evidence-Shows-Our-Ancient-Link-To-Fungi</guid><pubDate>Thu, 14 Dec 2017 16:42:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_b86bfbbed2f84736915b6b3579b9c233~mv2.jpg"/><div>A <a href="https://www.mpg.de/9173780/mushrooms-food-source-stone-age">study</a> done using the tooth plaque of an 18,700 year old woman's remains found a variety of mushroom spores embedded in the prehistoric woman's teeth. This discovery is definitive proof that mushrooms were a part of the human diet by this point in time, predating our previous understanding of fungus being used as a food source by humans by over 3,000 years. This means that stone age humans may have readily identified edible mushrooms, or even sought out mushrooms that held 'special' powers.</div><div>For anyone familiar with Terence McKenna's 'Stoned Ape Theory', this evidence should be of no surprise. This theory is a hypothesis that psilocybin-bearing mushrooms acted as a catalyst for human evolution. Now knowing that mushroom use stems back over 18,000 years, the possibilities for this psychedelic suspicion now look better than ever.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_1eed9e40f7e04101b6e0657bef070abc~mv2.jpg"/><div>&quot;This finding at El Mirón Cave could be the earliest indication of human mushroom use or consumption, which until this point has been unidentified in the Palaeolithic.&quot; -Robert Power</div><div>In these microscopic images of the ancient tooth plaque, a <a href="http://www.mushroomexpert.com/agaricales.html">gilled fungi</a> spore can be seen on the left and a <a href="http://www.mushroomexpert.com/boletes.html">bolete fungi</a> spore on the right.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_c8255f8e2bb746549e60707c50c9c31a~mv2.jpg"/><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_920fedc5fac2486f8f4070890021153b~mv2.jpg"/><div>Plant Fragment recovered from the plaque sample.</div><div>The prehistoric human remains used in this study are that of The Red Lady of El Mirón, the ancient fossil of a woman unearthed in the cave of El Mirón in the mountainous region of Cantabria, Spain. Her remains were uncovered in a sort of burial shrine at the back of the cave in 2010 during the excavation; they were transported to the University of New Mexico to undergo radiocarbon dating and examination. </div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_51d997b8eac34a998901ab5176343f86~mv2.jpg"/><div>In addition to the mushrooms spores, researchers also found plant, animal, and mineral sources in the plaque sample. Before these well preserved samples, it has been relatively unknown as to how diverse the ancient human diet was. These findings provide us with a better understanding of what humans were eating during the Palaeolithic Era, a time during which we know very little about the human way of life. The many ancient and unexplainable feats of engineering and architecture may leave one wondering if the ancients had the help of psychoactive fungi or flora in the expansion of ideas and technologies.</div><div>References</div><div>&quot;Oldest Evidence for the Use of Mushrooms as a Food Source.&quot; Research. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2015.</div><div>Power, R. C., D. C. Salazar-Garcia, L. G. Straus, M. R. Gonzalez Morales, and A. G. Henry. &quot;Microremains from El Mirón Cave Human Dental Calculus Suggest a Mixed Plant-animal Subsistence Economy during the Magdalenian in Northern Iberia.&quot; Science Direct. Department of Anthropology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, n.d.</div><div>Straus, L. G., M. R. Gonzalez Morales, J. M. Carretero, and A. B. Marin-Arroyo. &quot;&quot;The Red Lady of El Mirón&quot;. Lower Magdalenian Life and Death in Oldest Dryas Cantabrian Spain: An Overview.&quot; Science Direct. Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, n.d.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Magic Mushrooms Are A Prime Candidate For The Philosopher’s Stone, According to Freemason and Masonic Rosicrucian, P.D. Newman</title><description><![CDATA[The ancient practice of alchemy and its closely guarded and highly coded library of secrets and symbolism hints at the existence of a philosopher’s stone or lapis philosophorum. This “stone of the wise” is believed to be the key to immortality and is quite frequently referenced in a various mystical, mythical, and esoteric genres of fiction novels, movies, television shows, and video games. The philosopher’s stone is also referred to as the “stone of projection” as it is said to facilitate a<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_2dd6c7fd0d024192a61e1f6b392becf0%7Emv2.png/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_325/b579b3_2dd6c7fd0d024192a61e1f6b392becf0%7Emv2.png"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/08/28/Magic-Mushrooms-Are-A-Prime-Candidate-For-The-Philosopher%E2%80%99s-Stone-According-to-Freemason-and-Masonic-Rosicrucian-PD-Newman</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/08/28/Magic-Mushrooms-Are-A-Prime-Candidate-For-The-Philosopher%E2%80%99s-Stone-According-to-Freemason-and-Masonic-Rosicrucian-PD-Newman</guid><pubDate>Mon, 16 Oct 2017 19:42:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_2dd6c7fd0d024192a61e1f6b392becf0~mv2.png"/><div>The ancient practice of alchemy and its closely guarded and highly coded library of secrets and symbolism hints at the existence of a philosopher’s stone or lapis philosophorum. This “stone of the wise” is believed to be the key to immortality and is quite frequently referenced in a various mystical, mythical, and esoteric genres of fiction novels, movies, television shows, and video games. The philosopher’s stone is also referred to as the “stone of projection” as it is said to facilitate a bodily liberation of consciousness to explore and roam astral planes understood in alchemy as methods of spiritual travel. After pouring through the writings and language of famously known alchemists of the past, P.D. Newman formally asserts that the philosopher’s stone may well in fact exist; however, with a twist. Newman believes the language of famous alchemists elude to Psilocybe cubensis, a strain of psychedelic mushroom as one potential example of a true “stone of the wise.&quot;</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_ac7de29daf9f4a46b1afbba385434976~mv2.jpg"/><div>Newman points to a common alchemical axiom, “not of stone, not of bone, not of metal” speaking to the physical properties of lapis philosophorum as coming from neither the mineral nor animal kingdom; thus further eluding to the plant kingdom as a potential house of origination. As an entheogenic plant, the ingestion of P. cubensis is said to catalyze an experience of the Divine, immortal soul within. In doing so, such a revelation opens up the individual to an understanding of the continuity of “consciousness independent of the mortal frame”; our bodies in this physical manifestation. Newman also refers to alchemist E.A. Hitchcock’s text, Remarks Upon Alchemy (1857) as including a major support to his theory. Hitchcock refers to the stone as that which “bloomed sweetly upon the dunghill”. We find that P. cubensis inherently requires the presence of dung in order to sustain itself. Hitchcock also includes a lunar analogy stating, the “Moon is white in its naturalistic State” yet blue if “molested”. Newman believes that Hitchcock’s coded remarks relate directly to the white coloration of P. cubensis in their natural state and their blue coloration when bruised or broken.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_ac57b256d537459c8f50f823f9373316~mv2.png"/><div>Additionally, he cites the writings of alchemist Andreas Libavius in his work, Alchymia (1606). Within, Libavius includes various drawings that seem to resemble an early model of a terrarium filled with a “dung bath” atop which what appears like mushroom caps and stipes grow upon. Perhaps early alchemist like Libavius cultivated their own entheogens. Alchemist &amp; Rosicrucian apologist Count Michael Maier alludes to the philosopher’s stone as a “Dragon” both “Winged and Volatile” allowing one’s consciousness to take flight and giving potency to the work of alchemy. Maier asserts that alchemical work without such “Dragons” and their “wings” makes alchemical work itself impotent. He references a “Philosophickal Dung” as the location of such “Dragons”; possibly P. cubensis and its “wings”, or the potential to create spiritual experience and even spiritual travel.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_8e0abb3149724e3ca6ac51ff01fa14de~mv2.png"/><div>Despite the coded language, Maier’s mention of “Volatile” seems to remind us of the necessity of carefulness when going about the use of such philosopher’s stones. Like Newman, I’m led to believe that P. cubensis is indeed one such stone. Furthermore with the great potency and potential inherent within entheogenic catalysts, I equally believe in the requirement of great care, wisdom, and attentiveness present in any and all attempts to indulge. We find ancient systems like the Eleusian celebrations of the Greater Mystery in which the ergot fungus was blended into a beverage called kykeon for ingestion upon an initiate’s sacred initiatory journey. Such a practice was carefully controlled, incredibly transformational, and done with the highest intentions throughout the entire experience. Let us all take a lesson from such ancient mystery schools and be open to the deeper meanings inherent in any usage of the philosopher’s stone available in our present era.</div><div>References</div><div>Newman VII, P.D. <a href="http://disinfo.com/2016/04/psilocybe-cubensis-a-worthy-candidate-for-the-philosophers-stone/">Psilocybe cubensis: A Worthy Candidate for the Philosopher’s Stone</a>. Disinfo.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Psilocybin Inhibits The Processing Of Negative Emotions In The Brain</title><description><![CDATA[Psilocybin is known for captivating its imbiber with a novel pattern of thought and a state emotional surrender. These mystical experiences can be powerful enough to affect one's perception and leave an imprint on their outlook that can last from days to weeks to even months. People have also reported experiencing a powerful alleviation of psychiatric ailments such as depression, anxiety, OCD, and ADHD. The testimonies alone show that psilocybin has true therapeutic value in the psychiatric<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_55f5dc995bc4400aa72e5c78e98b6161%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_327/b579b3_55f5dc995bc4400aa72e5c78e98b6161%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/07/28/Psilocybin-Inhibits-The-Processing-Of-Negative-Emotions-In-The-Brain</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/07/28/Psilocybin-Inhibits-The-Processing-Of-Negative-Emotions-In-The-Brain</guid><pubDate>Wed, 09 Aug 2017 18:17:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_55f5dc995bc4400aa72e5c78e98b6161~mv2.jpg"/><div>Psilocybin is known for captivating its imbiber with a novel pattern of thought and a state emotional surrender. These mystical experiences can be powerful enough to affect one's perception and leave an imprint on their outlook that can last from days to weeks to even months. People have also reported experiencing a powerful alleviation of psychiatric ailments such as depression, anxiety, OCD, and ADHD. The testimonies alone show that psilocybin has true therapeutic value in the psychiatric field. What is it that happens to the mind in order to instill it with the improved outlook and mental clarity? Researchers at the Psychiatric University Hospital of Zurich have looked into psilocybin's effect on the amygdala, a key component of the brain's ability to process emotions. The amygdala, located at the beginning of the brain stem, can often become overactive leading one into constant depressive thinking, distraction, anxiety and so on. “Elevated activity of the amygdala in response to stimuli leads to the neurons strengthening negative signals and weakening the processing of positive ones. This mechanism plays an important role in the development of depression and anxiety disorders.” - UZH Research</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_608a53d8bd9547eab4bce425acbe9ac0~mv2.jpg"/><div>The 'goal' of pharmaceutical anti-depressants and anti-anxiety medications is to inhibit brain activity that leads to negativity and fear. Unfortunately, these medications really only serve as a band-aid and sadly, can even amplify the problem if someone is to become dependent and then abstain. They can negatively impact serotonin, a natural neurotransmitter that contributes to happiness and well being. On the other hand, researchers recognize now that the compound psilocybin is effective in temporarily decreasing activity in the amygdala, allowing it an opportunity to recover from an over active state while promoting the health of serotonin transmitters. “Psilocybin positively influences mood in healthy individuals. In the brain, this substance stimulates specific docking sites for the messenger serotonin. The scientists therefore assumed that psilocybin exerts its mood-brightening effect via a change in the serotonin system in the limbic brain regions.” - UZH Research Now, researchers are continuing to orchestrate new investigative studies to further our understanding about the relationship between psilocybin and mental illness. Knowing that over activity of the amygdala leads to depressive thinking and that psilocybin has the capacity to correct this problem, researchers believe that the compound will one day be prized for its medicinal capabilities. The fact that some one can feel relief from such terrible burdens with one session of psilocybin therapy rather than daily intake of medications is groundbreaking in and of itself. The study of history has revealed that psilocybin, among other plant medicines, have been utilized by indigenous cultures all around the world, and now western medicine is finally beginning to acknowledge the truth of these medicines and their many applications. The potential of these primordial substances that modern society has been neglecting may be the key to the understanding and the treatment of certain mental illnesses, reopening the door to a long forgotten form of healing.</div><div>References</div><div>Ingrasci, Rick, M.D. &quot;<a href="https://mail.quantumlinux.com/pipermail/hnet-bigmindmedia.com/2014-May/006026.html">Psilocybin Inhibits the Processing of Negative Emotions in the Brain.</a>&quot; Quantum Linux. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug. 2015.</div><div>Rainer Kraehenmann, Katrin H. Preller, Milan Scheidegger, Thomas Pokorny, Oliver G. Bosch, Erich Seifritz, Franz X. Vollenweider. &quot;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24882567">Psilocybin-Induced Decrease in Amygdala Reactivity Correlates with Enhanced Positive Mood in Healthy Volunteers.</a>&quot; Biological Psychiatry, 2014</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>This Physicist Believes that Consciousness May Be a State of Matter</title><description><![CDATA[Consciousness - it is the force that makes us tick, the cogent drive that makes you "you." It is our state of consciousness that bestows us with awareness and sensitivity to our surroundings, the ability to think for the future and remember the past, the ability to acknowledge one another as intelligent individuals, and much more. But what exactly is consciousness? MIT Physicist Max Tegmark believes he has found the answer to this question. Web published in the year 2014 in the Cornell<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_360d8cb8438a455e9157d0dd335eeef2%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_328/b579b3_360d8cb8438a455e9157d0dd335eeef2%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/07/10/This-Physicist-Believes-that-Consciousness-May-Be-a-State-of-Matter</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/07/10/This-Physicist-Believes-that-Consciousness-May-Be-a-State-of-Matter</guid><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jul 2017 15:52:34 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_360d8cb8438a455e9157d0dd335eeef2~mv2.jpg"/><div>Consciousness - it is the force that makes us tick, the cogent drive that makes you &quot;you.&quot; It is our state of consciousness that bestows us with awareness and sensitivity to our surroundings, the ability to think for the future and remember the past, the ability to acknowledge one another as intelligent individuals, and much more. But what exactly is consciousness? MIT Physicist Max Tegmark believes he has found the answer to this question. Web published in the year 2014 in the Cornell University arXiv, Tegmark's paper titled &quot;<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.1219v3.pdf">Consciousness as State of Matter</a>&quot; explores the possibility that consciousness is a form of matter, &quot;perceptronium,&quot; that has unique information processing abilities. Just as ordinary matter requires specific conditions to assume each of its respective states, consciousness matter too would have its variety of forms that it can take, each of which resulting in a different state of consciousness. This is not to say that there is a small reservoir of solidifying, evaporating and liquifying fluid in your brain that is dictating your cognition, but rather, particular sets of conditions in the brain that combine to produce a given state of consciousness. </div><div>&quot;A commonly held view is that consciousness is irrelevant to physics and should therefore not be discussed in physics papers,&quot; Tegmark states in his dissertation. &quot;One oft-stated reason is a perceived lack of rigor in past attempts to link consciousness to physics. Another argument is that physics has been managed just fine for hundreds of years by avoiding this subject, and should therefore keep doing so. Yet the fact that most physics problems can be solved without reference to consciousness does not guarantee that this applies to all physics problems. Indeed, it is striking that many of the most hotly debated issues in physics today involve the notions of observations and observers, and we cannot dismiss the possibility that part of the reason why these issues have resisted resolution for so long is our reluctance as physicists to discuss consciousness and attempt to rigorously define what constitutes an observer.&quot;</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_f4b21ea8830649e98120631cbf3d25e3~mv2.jpg"/><div>In recent years, it has been believed that since a consciousness must be able to store, retrieve, and process information and exist as a unified whole, it cannot be broken down into smaller parts. This, however, is not the case, argues Tegmark. The individual traits of consciousness are calculable. The traits of perceptonium are comprised of the four basic principles deemed essential in waking consciousness: the information, integration, independence, and dynamics principles, for each of which he offers explicit detail in his paper. Tegmark believes that the activity levels of each of the traits can vary, each combination resulting in a unique state of consciousness. Considering our state of existence is a product of the material universe, it is sound thinking that the source of our consciousness could in fact be a sophisticated form of matter. If Tegmark's theory proves to be correct, then this perceptronium holds the answer to the mystery of conscious perception. With an understanding of exactly how consciousness works, we may one day develop the ability to very precisely traverse the various altered states of consciousness at will.</div><div>Max Tegmark discussing his theory at the FQXi conference 2014 in Vieques:</div><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MjhEtqhUZkY"/><div>References</div><div>Tegmark, Max. &quot;<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.1219v3.pdf">Consciousness as a State of Matter.</a>&quot; Dept. of Physics &amp; MIT Kavli Institute 1.3 (2015): 32-33. ARXIV. Web. &quot;<a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/physics/physicists-say-consciousness-might-be-a-state-of-matter/">Physicists Say Consciousness Might Be a State of Matter.</a>&quot; PBS.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Aug. 2015.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Q&amp;A Following the Screening of ANU at Psychedelic Science 2017</title><description><![CDATA[We are thankful for our opportunity to attend Psychedelic Science 2017, hosted by MAPS, to screen our film, A New Understanding. We met with many remarkable people who have dedicated their careers to making these substances clinically and therapeutically available to those who need them, as well as supporters of the movement and even some who showed up out of sheer curiosity. This is a fascinating time we are living in as these substances, initially recognized for their misunderstood potential<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_8aacf02c207e422c916d51e1019cb4fa%7Emv2.png"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/05/15/QA-Preceding-the-Screening-of-ANU-at-Psychedelic-Science-2017</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/05/15/QA-Preceding-the-Screening-of-ANU-at-Psychedelic-Science-2017</guid><pubDate>Mon, 15 May 2017 17:53:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_8aacf02c207e422c916d51e1019cb4fa~mv2.png"/><div> We are thankful for our opportunity to attend Psychedelic Science 2017, hosted by MAPS, to screen our film, A New Understanding. We met with many remarkable people who have dedicated their careers to making these substances clinically and therapeutically available to those who need them, as well as supporters of the movement and even some who showed up out of sheer curiosity. This is a fascinating time we are living in as these substances, initially recognized for their misunderstood potential and shortly thereafter placed out of arm's reach by malicious drug scheduling, are reentering the field of medicine and providing a hard subjective look at current treatment methods.</div><div>Following the screening of the film, ANU producer Robert Barnhart shared a brief Q &amp; A with the audience, during which some excellent comments and questions came up. Some of the audience members also shared a bit of their own thoughts, experiences and perspectives regarding the capabilities of psilocybin and substances of the like. Check out a short segment from the Q &amp; A in the video below. </div><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/218182405"/></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Robert Barnhart on Grace and Self-effort in a Psychedelic Life at Psychedelic Science 2017</title><description><![CDATA[The Psychedelic Science Conference is a gathering of the international scientific community to explore new research into the benefits and risks of entheogenic medicines such as psilocybin, MDMA, LSD, ayahuasca, ketamine, ibogaine, medical marijuana, and more. The gathering of 2017 included three days of presentations from some of the most prominent figures who continue to pave the way, as well as screenings of the latest conscious media documentaries and films, enamoring artwork, works shops and<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_f63c06691db94a8fa1a4bd3feae7bc84%7Emv2.png"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/05/19/Robert-Barnhart-on-Grace-and-Self-effort-in-a-Psychedelic-Life-at-PsySci-2017</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/05/19/Robert-Barnhart-on-Grace-and-Self-effort-in-a-Psychedelic-Life-at-PsySci-2017</guid><pubDate>Fri, 05 May 2017 17:29:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_f63c06691db94a8fa1a4bd3feae7bc84~mv2.png"/><div>The <a href="http://psychedelicscience.org/">Psychedelic Science Conference</a> is a gathering of the international scientific community to explore new research into the benefits and risks of entheogenic medicines such as psilocybin, MDMA, LSD, ayahuasca, ketamine, ibogaine, medical marijuana, and more. The gathering of 2017 included three days of presentations from some of the most prominent figures who continue to pave the way, as well as screenings of the latest conscious media documentaries and films, enamoring artwork, works shops and much more.</div><div>On the second day of the conference, A New Understanding producer, Robert Barnhart took to the <a href="https://www.psymposia.com/">Psymposia</a> Stage to speak about grace and self-effort in a psychedelic life. Speaking from the heart, he passionately shares details of some of the most novel experiences he has lived through, how they have amounted to his accomplishments and how they sculpted him into the being he is today. Listen to Robert's full talk in the video below, and below that you can find an additional feature that our media team whipped together for us which provides some coverage of the conference and the artwork, lecturers, attendees and more.</div><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/218182238"/><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/218182357"/></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Psychedelics on Campus - How Colleges Are Molding The Future of Psychedelics as Medicine</title><description><![CDATA[It is no secret that college students (ages 18-25) make up the majority of psychedelic substance users, so it only makes sense that psychedelic education and activism has a strong presence on college campuses. Pair this with our modern ‘psychedelic renaissance’ and it is clear to see that changing the perception of these substances in the eyes of the public and medical professionals alike begins in the college environment.It all started with the psilocybin and LSD experiments that took place at<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_2ff334fd1ddf454f92722948b0deab03%7Emv2.png"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/03/30/Psychedelics-on-Campus---How-Colleges-Are-Molding-The-Future-of-Psychedelics-as-Medicine</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/03/30/Psychedelics-on-Campus---How-Colleges-Are-Molding-The-Future-of-Psychedelics-as-Medicine</guid><pubDate>Thu, 02 Mar 2017 20:53:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_2ff334fd1ddf454f92722948b0deab03~mv2.png"/><div>It is no secret that college students (ages 18-25) make up the majority of psychedelic substance users, so it only makes sense that psychedelic education and activism has a strong presence on college campuses. Pair this with our modern ‘psychedelic renaissance’ and it is clear to see that changing the perception of these substances in the eyes of the public and medical professionals alike begins in the college environment.</div><div>It all started with the psilocybin and LSD experiments that took place at Harvard in the 1960s. These experiments involved dispensing psychedelic substances to graduate student volunteers and recording their various experiences. At the time, very little was known about these substances nor had they been criminalized by the US Food and Drug Administration, so acquiring them and dispensing them was fairly simple. These trials that took place decades ago are now considered to have been the launching pad for psychedelic education within the college environment.</div><div>Unlike the ‘psychedelic clubs’ of the 60s, today’s campus groups focus more on safety, harm reduction and education rather than actual use. Activities of these congregations include weekly meetings, guest lectures, trip sitter volunteering and even substance testing services. As a result of these gatherings, more individuals than ever before are coming out of the ‘psychedelic closet,’ describing how their experiences involving these ‘illicit’ substances have improved their quality of life in ways they would have never thought possible.</div><div>The first of the modern psychedelic campus clubs began in 2015 in the city of Boulder at the University of Colorado. Having garnered over 150 members, as well as over 15 other chapters at various colleges throughout the US, this movement captures the attention of not only those already familiar with these substances, but even those who know nothing about them at all. The purpose of these clubs is to create a more informed public and to hopefully bring an end to the stigmatization that continues to plague even the safest, most legitimate applications for psychedelic substances. </div><div>In addition to the student body organizations, another way in which college campuses are progressing the psychedelic movement in medicine is by offering a wealth of lectures and academic resources regarding these substances, even campuses without designated psychedelic clubs. The academic atmosphere of a college campus provides an intellectual setting in which it is safe to legitimately discuss these substances and their capabilities without fear of criticism or accusation of promoting unsafe use.</div><div>Lecturers primarily consist of professionals from a broad array of disciplines such as neuropharmacologists, ethnobotanists, psychologists, psychiatrists, researchers, authors and more. Rather than stigmatizing the use of such substances, these multidisciplinary lectures explore all of the possible therapeutic and psychiatric benefits of psychedelics, as well as their historical, cultural and social impacts. These discussions provide these passionate speakers with an opportunity to interact with young and curious intellectuals in an attempt to create a more informed public, and perhaps even pave the way for future generations of psychedelic researchers and experts.</div><div>Unfortunately, for now at least, most universities do not offer any majors or minors with a specific focus in psychedelic substances; however, more of them are beginning offer elective courses that provide an investigative look at these substances and the potential roles they may have in the different fields of medicine and therapy. Such courses include the psychology of psychedelics, the sociology of drug use and more. In certain cases, some universities even recognize psychedelic self-study with college credit and are beginning to offer undergraduate degrees in transpersonal psychology and ethnobotany, both of which can be applied to a research career with a focus in psychedelic science.</div><div>For those seeking a more focused and traditional form of education, there is a growing handful of institutions that do offer formal, full-fledged options for psychedelic study. <a href="http://www.maps.org/">The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies</a> (MAPS) is a non-profit research and educational organization with a focus in developing legal, medical and cultural contexts for the people who could benefit from psychedelic substances in clinical scenarios. There is also a <a href="http://www.newschool.edu/nssr/harm-reduction-psychotherapy-certificate-program/">harm reduction psychotherapy certificate program</a> being offered by the New School of Social Research, as well as a <a href="http://www.ciis.edu/public-programs-and-performances/certificate-programs/certificate-in-psychedelic-assisted-therapies-and-research">psychedelic-assisted therapies and research certificate program</a> offered by the California Institute of Integral Studies.</div><div> These improvements being made to psychedelic education and activism are a direct result of the modern psychedelic research renaissance, as well as the respect that these substances have begun to receive from researchers who specialize in psychiatric medicines and therapies. What’s more is that this type of information is beginning to spread exponentially as these students go on to share what they are learning with their friends, family, colleagues and other members of society. As awareness continues to spread, more programs and resources are going to be made which will provide society with more well-informed individuals who will go on to become the researchers finding the best ways to use these substances, the therapists and clinicians utilizing them in their practice and the activists that will one day change the legislation.</div><div>References</div><div>&quot;<a href="http://www.maps.org/resources/students/181-so-you-want-to-be-a-psychedelic-researcher">So You Want to Be a Psychedelic Researcher? R. Andrew Sewell, MD Answers.</a>&quot; MAPS. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2017.</div><div>CIIS_SF. &quot;<a href="http://www.ciis.edu/ciis-today/news-room/headlines-archive/altering-state-of-psych-research">The Altering State of Psychedelics Research.</a>&quot; CIIS. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2017.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Psychedelic Substance Therapy May Be The Key To Combating Opioid Addiction</title><description><![CDATA[In the United States, the opioid epidemic continues to run rampant among the American public. Since 1999, deaths caused by opioid overdose have quadrupled, as have the amount of opioids that are available to Americans. Using information gathered from the year 2015, it has been estimated that roughly 91 Americans die everyday from some type of opioid overdose, most notably prescription opioids and, of course, heroin. The addictions that these substances can garner are monstrous, and the attempt<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_aa03ae595b71409883052af64a43a7ec%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/02/27/Psychedelic-Substance-Therapy-may-be-the-Key-to-Combating-Opioid-Addiction</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/02/27/Psychedelic-Substance-Therapy-may-be-the-Key-to-Combating-Opioid-Addiction</guid><pubDate>Mon, 20 Feb 2017 14:54:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_aa03ae595b71409883052af64a43a7ec~mv2.jpg"/><div>In the United States, the opioid epidemic continues to run rampant among the American public. Since 1999, deaths caused by opioid overdose have quadrupled, as have the amount of opioids that are available to Americans. Using information gathered from the year 2015, it has been estimated that roughly 91 Americans die everyday from some type of opioid overdose, most notably prescription opioids and, of course, heroin. The addictions that these substances can garner are monstrous, and the attempt to escape them even more so, at least until now.</div><div>Over the past few years, preliminary studies involving psychedelic chemical compounds have suggested that these substances and the experiences they induce may be of help to those who struggle with a substance use disorder. These results have brought about much speculation into the efficacy of such treatments for those who suffer from addiction, but it was not until recently that researchers decided to take a close, definitive look at this correlation.</div><div>A <a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881117691453?journalCode=jopa">new clinical investigation</a>, published earlier this month in the Journal of Psychopharmacology, investigated the possible therapeutic relationship between psychedelic use and past year opioid use disorders within illicit substance users. The team behind the investigation analyzed the results of 44,000 illicit opioid users’ <a href="https://nsduhweb.rti.org/respweb/homepage.cfm">National Survey on Drug Use and Health</a> (NSDUH), a federal government inquiry that surveys 70,000 people every year, between the years 2008 and 2013.</div><div>The analysis of the opioid user surveys revealed that experiences involving psychedelic substances were associated with a 27% reduced risk of opioid dependence and a 40% reduced risk of opioid abuse in the time thereafter. Other than cannabis use, which has been associated with a 55% reduced risk of opioid abuse, no other substances and very few methods of treatment in general have demonstrated this sort of reaction within those who suffer from addiction.</div><div>The strong correlative relationship presented by the survey data seems to further validate the testimonials in which many people claim to have had their lives changed by experiences involving ibogaine, psilocybin, kratom, et cetera. It seems as though the meaning found during these experiences is significant enough to the point to where it can free the mind from its perpetual craving and addictive compulsion. After witnessing the results, the authors of the study concluded that the associations between psychedelic use and opioid abuse are “pervasive and significant” and “suggest that psychedelics are associated with positive psychological characteristics and are consistent with prior reports suggesting efficacy in treatment of substance use disorders.”</div><div>Although there is more research to be done in order to clearly define the correlation between psychedelic experiences and opioid addiction, therapy involving these substances should never be ruled-out when discussing effective methods for combating addiction and mitigating the rapidly-increasing overdose death rates. For many, these life-changing tools may be the best hope for one day attaining happy and more fulfilling lives with a freedom from their problematic relationship with opioids or other harmful substances. This study is yet another demonstration of the ways in which these mysterious psychedelic compounds are helping today’s medical researchers overcome psychiatric hurdles that have been standing in the way since the dawn of neuroscience.</div><div>References</div><div>Pisano, V. D., N. P. Putman, H. M. Kramer, K. J. Fanciotti, J. H. Halpern, and S. C. Holden. &quot;<a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881117691453?journalCode=jopa">The Association of Psychedelic Use and Opioid Use Disorders among Illicit Users in the United States.</a>&quot; Sage Pub. Journal of Psychopharmacology, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.</div><div>Garcia-Romeu, A., R. R. Griffiths, and M. W. Johnson. &quot;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563443">Psilocybin-occasioned Mystical Experiences in the Treatment of Tobacco Addiction.</a>&quot; National Center for Biotechnology Information. SAGE Publications Web. 2 Feb. 2017. </div><div>Winkelman, M. &quot;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563446">Psychedelics as Medicines for Substance Abuse Rehabilitation: Evaluating Treatments with LSD, Peyote, Ibogaine and Ayahuasca.</a>&quot; National Center for Biotechnology Information SAGE Publications Web. 2 Feb. 2017. </div><div>&quot;<a href="https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/">Understanding the Epidemic.</a>&quot; Cdc.gov. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 16 Dec. 2016. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>What Makes A Psychedelic A Psychedelic</title><description><![CDATA[In our ongoing ‘Psychedelic Renaissance,’ information revolving psychedelic substances and their clinical potential is spreading like wildfire. More and more individuals are becoming aware of the many ways in which these substances are helping overcome psychiatric hurdles that have vexed neuroscientists for over a century. But despite the surging scientific evidence, and the deluge of information available in this age of technology, there remain those who are set in an antiquated way of<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_4be295b995054298b01d7384a2147d69%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_328/b579b3_4be295b995054298b01d7384a2147d69%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/02/16/What-Makes-A-Psychedelic-A-Psychedelic</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/02/16/What-Makes-A-Psychedelic-A-Psychedelic</guid><pubDate>Mon, 13 Feb 2017 22:29:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_4be295b995054298b01d7384a2147d69~mv2.jpg"/><div>In our ongoing ‘Psychedelic Renaissance,’ information revolving psychedelic substances and their clinical potential is spreading like wildfire. More and more individuals are becoming aware of the many ways in which these substances are helping overcome psychiatric hurdles that have vexed neuroscientists for over a century. But despite the surging scientific evidence, and the deluge of information available in this age of technology, there remain those who are set in an antiquated way of thinking, continuing to deem such substances as &quot;recreational drugs&quot; used only by questionable individuals. It is this very mindset that has always stood, and continues to stand in the way of these substances becoming available to the individuals whose quality of life could benefit vastly from them.</div><div>But what makes a psychedelic a psychedelic? What is it exactly that distinguishes these curious substances, such as psilocybin, DMT and LSD, from dangerous drugs of addiction such as alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine. et cetera?</div><div>The ways in which psychedelic substances affect the brain remains somewhat of a mystery that science is only just beginning to uncover. What we do know, however, is that their effects on the mind and body starkly contrast those produced by more commonly abused drugs, which are notorious for their fleeting sense of euphoria and elation via an artificial stimulation of the brain's motivation and reward centers. In some, this short-lived euphoria begins to perpetuate a cycle of craving in the time following the 'high,' which is likely followed by further use and the development of an addiction.</div><div>Experiences brought on by psychedelic substances, on the other hand, are believed to be the result of temporary alterations to the ways in which the brain receives, processes and absorbs information(1.4), and are often described as containing difficult moments of fear, panic and anxiety. Some users have described their experience as if they had undergone a sort of intrapersonal therapy that revealed to them things they had not known, or realized, about themselves.(1.3) However, it is what happens in the time after their psychedelic session that truly shows the value of these substances. </div><div>For months or even years following a single session, a majority of users have described experiencing a number of lasting benefits such as behavioral changes, improvements in their relationships and an overall increase in optimism.(1.3) Another fascinating avenue worthy of further investigation is that some individuals who had a reliance on an addictive substance prior to their psychedelic experience reported a reduction in the frequency and intensity of their cravings post treatment.(1.1)(1.2) So, where addicting substances bring about an intense, momentarily gratifying euphoria followed by craving, existential dullness and depression, psychedelic substances take users through a vigorous gauntlet of the psyche followed by a lasting period of clarity and contentedness. </div><div>Because of the overall positive outcomes of the ongoing clinical trials involving these substances, the dozens of researchers who are investigating them find it irrational that some people continue to discard them as &quot;illicit drugs of recreation.&quot; Anything capable of such promising results poses a revolution in the field of psychiatry and neuroscience.</div><div>It is imperative now, more than ever, that we continue to finesse our scientific and connotative arguments in favor of these substances should we hope to prove their medical efficacy and one day alter their status of illegality. As we hone our understanding and our approach to presenting the value of these medicines, it will just be a matter of time before it becomes clear to those who remain unconvinced.</div><div>References</div><div>Garcia-Romeu, A., R. R. Griffiths, and M. W. Johnson. &quot;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563443">Psilocybin-occasioned Mystical Experiences in the Treatment of Tobacco Addiction.</a>&quot; National Center for Biotechnology Information. SAGE Publications Web. 2 Feb. 2017. (1.1)</div><div>Winkelman, M. &quot;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563446">Psychedelics as Medicines for Substance Abuse Rehabilitation: Evaluating Treatments with LSD, Peyote, Ibogaine and Ayahuasca.</a>&quot; National Center for Biotechnology Information SAGE Publications Web. 2 Feb. 2017. (1.2)</div><div>Mahapatra, Ananya, and Rishi Gupta. &quot;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5228719/">Role of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Depression.</a>&quot; National Center for Biotechnology Information. SAGE Publications, Jan. 2017. Web. 2 Feb. 2017. (1.3)</div><div>Vinson, D., G. Vigliocco, M. Kaelen, M. Bolstridge, D. J. Nutt, and R. L. Carhart-Harris. &quot;<a href="https://www.sowi.uni-kl.de/fileadmin/ewiss/pdf/SemanticActivationInLSD2016.pdf">Semantic Activation in LSD: Evidence from Picture Naming.</a>&quot; Language, Cognition and Neuroscience (n.d.): n. pag. Taylor &amp; Francis. Web. (1.4)</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Ending The Psychedelic Research Blackout And The Future Of Psychedelic Therapy: Interview With Roland Griffiths</title><description><![CDATA[Today, research involving psychoactive chemical compounds is in a perpetual state of evolution and advancement; something that, for some, still comes as a surprise after enduring what is now referred to as the “40-year-long bad trip,” which resulted from introducing LSD and other psychedelic substances to the Western psyche. This 40-year intellectual Dark Age eradicated such substances from the realm of medical research and scientific investigation, shunning the efficacy of what we are now<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_e62bec64bd8c40d892ba12f22062e670%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_328/b579b3_e62bec64bd8c40d892ba12f22062e670%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/02/06/Ending-The-Psychedelic-Research-Blackout-And-The-Future-Of-Psychedelic-Therapy-Interview-With-Roland-Griffiths</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/02/06/Ending-The-Psychedelic-Research-Blackout-And-The-Future-Of-Psychedelic-Therapy-Interview-With-Roland-Griffiths</guid><pubDate>Sun, 05 Feb 2017 18:10:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_e62bec64bd8c40d892ba12f22062e670~mv2.jpg"/><div>Today, research involving psychoactive chemical compounds is in a perpetual state of evolution and advancement; something that, for some, still comes as a surprise after enduring what is now referred to as the “40-year-long bad trip,” which resulted from introducing LSD and other psychedelic substances to the Western psyche. This 40-year intellectual Dark Age eradicated such substances from the realm of medical research and scientific investigation, shunning the efficacy of what we are now finding to be powerful weapons in the fight against psychiatric illness. This decades-long research impediment and gross scientific negligence was based entirely on “enormous fear and misinformation and a vested interest in exaggerated stories about drugs to keep prohibition alive,” characterized by Rick Doblin, PhD and founder of <a href="http://www.maps.org/">Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies</a> (MAPS).</div><div>In the year 1999, psychedelic substance research received the first guiding-light it had seen since the prohibition of the 1960s thanks to a man by the name of Roland Griffiths, PhD. Griffiths is a professor in the departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, and one of the principal researchers investigating the behavioral and subjective effects of mood-altering drugs at Johns Hopkins University. Accompanied by a team of researchers, Griffiths initiated a new series of studies in 1999 to investigate the effects of psilocybin; studies that are now considered to be the reintroduction of psychedelics into the Western world of science and medicine.</div><div>Now known as the grandfather of the current psychedelics renaissance, and a 21st-century pioneer of psychedelic research, Griffiths remains on the forefront of advancing psychoactive substance research. His fascination in this field of science stems primarily from his own exploration of altered states of consciousness through mindfulness meditation practice. Intrigued by the way in which this intrapersonal exploration benefited his own state of existence, Griffiths became interested in the ways in which similar experiences induced by psychedelic substances may benefit those experiencing clinical psychological distress.</div><div>When Griffiths and his team began the series of psilocybin studies, it started to become clear that not only do the experiences induced by these substances allow for an unbridled exploration of one’s inner-self, but they also possess a remarkable potential for treating a broad range of conditions such as substance dependence, PTSD, depression, anxiety, and more. Griffiths was surprised by the amount of study volunteers (about two-thirds) who ranked their psychedelic experience as being among the most significant experiences of their lives. This was the seed that has since flourished into possibly the most speculated application revolving these substances: subsiding the angst suffered by those facing the inevitability of death.</div><div> It is safe to say that psychedelic substances will never be legally available at the drugstore for use at one’s own discretion. However, researchers do envision a time in which these substances will be recognized for their potential and permitted for use in controlled clinical settings. In an interview with <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/psilocybin-a-journey-beyond-the-fear-of-death/">Scientific American</a>, Griffiths sheds some light on the latest studies to emerge from JHU, as well as the progress of some of his other psychedelic investigations, all of which he hopes may one day contribute to the survival and psychological wellness of our species.</div><div>A transcript of the interview between Griffiths and SA can be found below.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_1b75d43b97a74c3da176dee3a282c1fc~mv2.jpg"/><div>What were your concerns going into the cancer study?</div><div>The volunteers came to us often highly stressed and demoralized by their illness and the often-grueling medical treatment. I felt very cautious at first, wondering if this might not re-wound people dealing with the painful questions of death and dying. How do we know that this kind of experience with this disorienting compound wouldn’t exacerbate that? It turns out that it doesn’t. It does just the opposite. The experience appears to be deeply meaningful spiritually and personally, and very healing in the context of people’s understanding of their illness and how they manage that going forward.</div><div>Could you describe your procedure?</div><div>We spent at least eight hours talking to people about their cancer, their anxiety, their concerns and so on to develop good rapport with them before the trial. During the sessions there was no specific psychological intervention—we were just inviting people to lie on the couch and explore their own inner experience.</div><div>What did your research subjects tell you about that experience?</div><div>There is something about the core of this experience that opens people up to the great mystery of what it is that we don’t know. It is not that everybody comes out of it and says, ‘Oh, now I believe in life after death.’ That needn’t be the case at all. But the psilocybin experience enables a sense of deeper meaning, and an understanding that in the largest frame everything is fine and that there is nothing to be fearful of. There is a buoyancy that comes of that which is quite remarkable. To see people who are so beaten down by this illness, and they start actually providing reassurance to the people who love them most, telling them ‘it is all okay and there is no need to worry’— when a dying person can provide that type of clarity for their caretakers, even we researchers are left with a sense of wonder.</div><div>Was this positive result universal?</div><div>We found that the response was dose-specific. The larger dose created a much larger response than the lower dose. We also found that the occurrence of mystical-type experiences is positively correlated with positive outcomes: Those who underwent them were more likely to have enduring, large-magnitude changes in depression and anxiety.</div><div>Did any of your volunteers experience difficulties?</div><div>There are potential risks associated with these compounds. We can protect against a lot of those risks, it seems, through the screening and preparation procedure in our medical setting. About 30 percent of our people reported some fear or discomfort arising sometime during the experience. If individuals are anxious, then we might say a few words, or hold their hand. It is really just grounding them in consensual reality, reminding them that they have taken psilocybin, that everything is going to be alright. Very often these short-lived experiences of psychological challenge can be cathartic and serve as doorways into personal meaning and transcendence—but not always.</div><div>Where do you go from here?</div><div>The Heffter Research Institute, which funded our study, has just opened a dialogue with the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) about initiating a phase 3 investigation. A phase 3 clinical trial is the gold standard for determining whether something is clinically efficacious and meets the standards that are necessary for it to be released as a pharmaceutical. Approval would be under very narrow and restrictive conditions initially. The drug might be controlled by a central pharmacy, which sends it to clinics that are authorized to administer psilocybin in this therapeutic context. So this is not writing a prescription and taking it home. The analogy would be more like an anesthetic being dispensed and managed by an anesthesiologist.</div><div>You are also currently conducting research on psilocybin and smoking.</div><div>We are using psilocybin in conjunction with cognitive behavioral therapy with cigarette smokers to see if these deeply meaningful experiences that can happen with psilocybin can be linked with the intention and commitment to quit smoking, among people who have failed repeatedly to do so. Earlier we ran an uncontrolled pilot study on that in 50 volunteers, in which we had 80 percent abstinence rates at six months. Now we are doing a controlled clinical trial in that population.</div><div>How do you account for your remarkable initial results?</div><div>People who have taken psilocybin appear to have more confidence in their ability to change their own behavior and to manage their addictions. Prior to this experience, quite often the individual feels that they have no freedom relative to their addiction, that they are hooked and they don’t have the capacity to change. But after an experience of this sort—which is like backing up and seeing the larger picture—they begin to ask themselves ‘Why would I think that I couldn’t stop cigarette smoking? Why would I think that this craving is so compelling that I have to give in to it?’ When the psilocybin is coupled with cognitive behavioral therapy, which is giving smokers tools and a framework to work on this, it appears to be very helpful.</div><div>You are also working with meditation practitioners. Are they having similar experiences?</div><div>We have done an unpublished study with beginning meditators. We found that psilocybin potentiates their engagement with their spiritual practice, and it appears to boost dispositional characteristics like gratitude, compassion, altruism, sensitivity to others and forgiveness. We were interested in whether the psilocybin used in conjunction with meditation could create sustained changes in people that were of social value. And that appears to be the case.</div><div>So it is actually changing personality?</div><div>Yes. That is really interesting because personality is considered to be a fixed characteristic; it is generally thought to be locked down in an individual by their early twenties. And yet here we are seeing significant increases in their “openness” and other pro-social dimensions of personality, which are also correlated with creativity, so this is truly surprising.</div><div>Do we know what is actually happening in the brain?</div><div>We are doing neuro-imaging studies. Dr. Robin Carhart-Harris’s group at Imperial College in London is also doing neuro-imaging studies. So it is an area of very active investigation. The effects are perhaps explained, at least initially, by changes in something [in the brain] called “the default mode network,” which is involved in self-referential processing [and in sustaining our sense of ego]. It turns out that this network is hyperactive in depression. Interestingly, in meditation it becomes quiescent, and also with psilocybin it becomes quiescent. This may correlate with the experience of clarity of coming into the present moment.</div><div>That is perhaps an explanation of the acute effects, but the enduring effects are much less clear, and I don’t think that we have a good handle on that at all. Undoubtedly it is going to be much more complex than just the default mode network, because of the vast interconnectedness of brain function.</div><div>What are the practical implications of this kind of neurological and therapeutic knowledge of psychedelics?</div><div>Ultimately it is not really about psychedelics. Science is going to take it beyond psychedelics when we start understanding the brain mechanisms underlying this and begin harnessing these for the benefit of humankind.</div><div>The core mystical experience is one of the interconnectedness of all people and things, the awareness that we are all in this together. It is precisely the lack of this sense of mutual caretaking that puts our species at risk right now, with climate change and the development of weaponry that can destroy life on the planet. So the answer is not that everybody needs to take psychedelics. It is to understand what mechanisms maximize these kinds of experiences, and to learn how to harness them so that we don’t end up annihilating ourselves.</div><div>References</div><div>Griffiths, R. R., W. A. Richards, M. W. Johnson, U. D. McCann, and R. Jesse. &quot;<a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881108094300">Mystical-type Experiences Occasioned by Psilocybin Mediate the Attribution of Personal Meaning and Spiritual Significance 14 Months Later.</a>&quot; Sage Journals. Journal of Psychopharmacology, n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2017.</div><div>Griffiths, R. R., W. A. Richards, U. McCann, and R. Jesse. &quot;<a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5">Psilocybin Can Occasion Mystical-type Experiences Having Substantial and Sustained Personal Meaning and Spiritual Significance.</a>&quot;SpringerLink. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2017.</div><div>Griffiths, R., M. Johnson, M. Carducci, A. Umbricht, W. Richards, B. Richards, M. Cosimano, and M. Klinedinst. &quot;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27909165">Psilocybin Produces Substantial and Sustained Decreases in Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Life-threatening Cancer: A Randomized Double-blind Trial.</a>&quot; Sage Journals. Journal of Psychopharmacology, n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2017.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Exploring How Our Brains Produce Meaning, With The Help Of A Little LSD</title><description><![CDATA[The concept of ‘self’ is one that has perplexed researchers since the dawn of neuroscience. Each person possesses an intricate, innumerable set of interests and experiences that make up the recipe that makes them, them. Whether it be a certain song, type of food, a fond pastime, et cetera, it seems that we have a way of giving meaning or finding meaningfulness in certain things more than others, but what occurs in the brain when we attribute meaning to something? With the help of the psychedelic<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_7d98dd34b1214bdea2a64114e6aa2407%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_328/b579b3_7d98dd34b1214bdea2a64114e6aa2407%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/01/31/Exploring-How-Our-Brains-Produce-Meaning-With-The-Help-Of-A-Little-LSD</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/01/31/Exploring-How-Our-Brains-Produce-Meaning-With-The-Help-Of-A-Little-LSD</guid><pubDate>Fri, 27 Jan 2017 15:25:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_7d98dd34b1214bdea2a64114e6aa2407~mv2.jpg"/><div>The concept of ‘self’ is one that has perplexed researchers since the dawn of neuroscience. Each person possesses an intricate, innumerable set of interests and experiences that make up the recipe that makes them, them. Whether it be a certain song, type of food, a fond pastime, et cetera, it seems that we have a way of giving meaning or finding meaningfulness in certain things more than others, but what occurs in the brain when we attribute meaning to something? With the help of the psychedelic substance known as LSD, a team of researchers at Zürich University Hospital for Psychiatry believe they have uncovered the region of the brain in which meaning is produced. Their findings have since been published in <a href="http://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdfExtended/S0960-9822(16)31510-X">Current Biology</a>.</div><div>Previous studies involving LSD have shown that the substance can have an effect on an individual’s attribution of meaning and personal relevance to their surroundings. It is also common to hear of LSD changing the way in which a person perceives themselves, as the separation between the self and one’s surroundings begins to blur. What scientists have been unable to determine, however, is the specific region of the brain that is altered by the LSD in order to induce this heightened attribution of meaning.</div><div>For the ZU study, the team of researchers designed a systematic investigation in which participants were asked to blindly undergo one of three treatments: a placebo pretreatment followed by a placebo dose, a placebo pretreatment followed by a dose of LSD, or a ketanserin pretreatment followed by a dose of LSD. Ketanserin is substance that has been found to inhibit the effectiveness of LSD by preventing it from interacting with serotonin receptors in the brain known as 5-HT2ARs.</div><div>After receiving their pretreatment and subsequent dose of LSD or placebo, the participants were then presented with a series of songs that they were asked to rank in order of personal meaningfulness. Some of the songs on the list were ones that the participants had already considered to be meaningful, while the others they had considered to be neutral or without much meaning.</div><div>Those who were under the effect of the uninhibited LSD managed to find special meaning in musical pieces that they had previously deemed meaningless. However, those who had received either the placebo treatment or the ketaserin pretreatment demonstrated no change in their attribution of meaningfulness, despite the fact that ketaserin does not prevent LSD from interacting with the brain’s dopamine receptors. fMRI scans of these three varying states of the brain with only the uninhibited LSD treatment resulting in induced meaning attribution allowed the researchers to distinguish that the 5-HT2A receptors must be the culprit.</div><div>&quot;By combining functional brain imaging and detailed behavioral assessments using a specific experimental paradigm to investigate personal relevance or meaning of music pieces, we were able to elucidate the neurobiological correlates of personal relevance processing in the brain,&quot; says Katrin Preller of the Zürich University Hospital for Psychiatry. &quot;We found that personal meaning attribution and its modulation by LSD is mediated by the 5-HT2A receptors and cortical midline structures that are also crucially involved in enabling the experience of a sense of self.&quot;</div><div>She continues, &quot;Excessive stimulation of 5-HT2A receptors seems to underlay the experience of loosening of self/ego boundaries, disrupted self-referential processing and thus the related impairment of making meaning and attributing personal relevance to percepts and experiences seen in various psychiatric disorders. Therefore, it is important to consider this receptor subtype as potential target for the treatment of psychiatric illnesses characterized by alterations in personal relevance attribution.&quot;</div><div> Further studies for understanding the brain’s tendency to attribute meaning to experiences will involve visual or tactile stimuli. With a conclusive collection of data regarding this behavior of the brain, the researchers hope to explore the relevance of their findings in possible treatments for those who suffer from dysfunctional attributions of meaning because of an underlying psychiatric disorder.</div><div>Reference</div><div>Preller, K. H., M. Herdener, T. Pokorny, A. Planzer, R. Kraehenmann, P. Stampfli, M. E. Liechti, E. Seifritz, and F. X. Vollenweider. &quot;<a href="http://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdfExtended/S0960-9822(16)31510-X">The Fabric of Meaning and Subjective Effects in LSD Induced States Depend on Serotonin 2A Receptor Activation.</a>&quot; Cell. Current Biology, n.d. Web.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Religious Leaders Are Being Given Psilocybin To Investigate Its Mystical Properties</title><description><![CDATA[Although there is a large body of historical evidence supporting psychedelic substance use in ritualistic and ceremonial settings, modern science has much to learn about the elusive relationship between the way in which these substances affect the mind and the indescribable mystical/spiritual experiences brought on by them. Two teams of researchers, one at Johns Hopkins University and another at New York University, are simultaneously conducting a study in which religious leaders, or teachers of<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_cdfa0c9a002f46e28967db368baca250%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_352/b579b3_cdfa0c9a002f46e28967db368baca250%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/01/23/Religious-Leaders-are-Being-Given-Psilocybin-to-Investigate-its-Mystical-Properties</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/01/23/Religious-Leaders-are-Being-Given-Psilocybin-to-Investigate-its-Mystical-Properties</guid><pubDate>Wed, 18 Jan 2017 19:34:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_cdfa0c9a002f46e28967db368baca250~mv2.jpg"/><div>Although there is a large body of historical evidence supporting psychedelic substance use in ritualistic and ceremonial settings, modern science has much to learn about the elusive relationship between the way in which these substances affect the mind and the indescribable mystical/spiritual experiences brought on by them. Two teams of researchers, one at Johns Hopkins University and another at New York University, are simultaneously conducting a <a href="http://csp.org/religiousleaderstudy/information.html">study</a> in which religious leaders, or teachers of congregations and spiritual communities, are given psilocybin, the psychoactive constituent of ‘magic’ mushrooms, in order to investigate mysterious properties that this substance possesses.</div><div>Thus far, the group of volunteers for the trials consists of thirteen religious leaders including a Zen Buddhist roshi, an Episcopalian, an Orthodox Jewish rabbi, a Reform Christian and more. Their search for participants is still <a href="http://csp.org/religiousleaderstudy/">ongoing</a>, however, as they have yet to receive Imam, Catholic or Hindu priest participants, among others. The researchers involved in this study hope that these volunteers will be able to use their vocabulary and spiritual understanding to help decipher the mysterious nature of the psychedelic-induced mystical experience, and how theses experiences compare to those brought on through what are considered &quot;traditional methods.&quot;</div><div>After their psilocybin sessions, the trial participants are given a survey known as the <a href="https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/IMERE-Global-Survey-V1-1?sm=5AF09UvLQAjOaWYJiBbj0MF1K4VP2ov9TI0dSnFIKA4%3d">MEQ (Mystical Experience Questionnaire)</a>, a survey commonly administered by religious teachers to those who feel they have experienced something of a divine nature. In an examination of the responses, the researchers have found a consistent overlap between the mystical experiences brought on through solitary spiritual practice and those brought on by psilocybin, which comes as no surprise. “All we’re doing is finding conditions that increase the likelihood of the mystical experiences, and we still don’t know their ultimate cause,” says Roland Griffiths, PhD, Johns Hopkins principal investigator.</div><div>As to the purpose and reliability of these types of experiences, regardless of their origin, scientists are no closer to a consensus than they were in 1902 when father of American psychology, William James published the first methodical investigation on them. In order to investigate such experiences, James advocated that his colleagues use an unprecedented approach in which they needed to shed their reliance on “medical materialism” to identify the therapeutic value of these spiritual encounters, despite having no knowledge of how they occur. In James’ search, he described the individuals who had such experiences as demonstrating notable increases in long-lasting happiness and selflessness, not unlike the effects reported after psilocybin sessions.</div><div>Aside from the difficulty in pinpointing the origin of these experiences, studying them in general has always been incredibly difficult as they are rare and very unpredictable. Although such experiences are attainable through practices like fasting, prayer, meditation, et cetera, these methods are not consistent or reliable enough and differ wildly in effectivity between people. This is where the psilocybin and religious leader trials come in to play, as the similarities between the traditional mystical experience and those brought on by psilocybin suggest that these types of substances may reveal the hidden nature of, and conclusively validate, these ineffable moments. </div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_37d9750d8a2148039158c7dfffac5c7a~mv2.jpg"/><div>It is no secret that there is a correlation between religiosity and well-being. A <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2016/04/12/religion-in-everyday-life/">study</a> conducted by the Pew Research Center found that 40% of the highly-religious individuals they surveyed described themselves as “very happy,” while only 29% of the non-religious individuals claimed to very happy. Also, 65% of the highly-religious individuals had donated money, time or physical possessions in the past week where only 41% of the non-religious claimed to have done so. This is not to say, however, that religiosity and the culture surrounding it produces selflessness, but rather it is perpetuated by the mystical states that some of these individuals may regularly be achieving in their solitary spiritual practice.</div><div>The hope of the Johns Hopkins and NYU researchers is that the religious leaders participating in their study will be able to subjectively compare and contrast the different types of experiences in ways in which neuroscience cannot. So far, the researchers have found that a sense of “unity” or oneness with all things is the most common result of both types of mystical experiences, which correlates directly with an increase in selflessness. “If I’m not different than you, then I need to take care of you the way I would take care of me,” said Griffiths.</div><div>In light of this discovery, NYU lead investigator, Anthony Bossis is not surprised that this sense of unity is present within the world’s six principal religions - Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Daoism and Hinduism. Not unlike careers in healthcare, psychiatry and other onerous lines of work, religious leaders can become emotionally taxed over time and experience a condition known as “clergy burnout,” which can make it difficult to fulfill the duties to which they have sworn. The study’s researchers hypothesized that a reconnection with whatever mystical occurrence that lead them on their life’s path in the first place may revitalize their energy and passion needed for supporting their congregants. Their theory, thus far, has proven to be correct. “They have increased passion for the scripture, for giving sermons, for helping people,” Bossis says. “If that’s sustained it will be remarkable.&quot;</div><div>At this point in time, the researchers’ number one priority is to make psilocybin available for those who are enduring end-of-life distress, not unlike what Albert Hofmann once envisioned for the substance LSD. Ideally, we will soon have official treatment centers in which individuals experiencing this and other types of psychiatric distress can take psychedelic substances in a safe, carefully-monitored and supportive setting. At New York City’s <a href="http://www.horizonsnyc.org/">Horizons Conference</a>, NYU chief of addiction psychiatry, Stephen Ross shared that other possible avenues for psilocybin science include helping with criminal recidivism, eating disorders, conflict resolution and more.</div><div>As the medicinal validity of the substances involved in this ongoing ‘psychedelic renaissance’ continues to garner recognition and approval, we may soon find ourselves finally moving past the stigma that has impeded this sort of research for decades. In order to maintain the quality of the attention that studies involving mystical experiences are beginning to receive, it is crucial that researchers continue to frame their findings in a strictly scientific context. The example set forth by William James over a century ago has proven helpful in doing this, as he dedicated an entire portion of his investigation to justifying the scientific relevance of such occurrences. He managed to demonstrate to his cynics that the purpose of mystical experiences, if there were a purpose, does not change the fact that these experiences possess the ability to alter one’s entire life perspective; an occurrence that is deserving of scientific analysis.</div><div>References</div><div>Johnson, M. W., A. Garcia-Romeu, M. P. Cosimano, and R. R. Griffiths. &quot;<a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881114548296">Pilot Study of the 5-HT2AR Agonist Psilocybin in the Treatment of Tobacco Addiction.</a>&quot; Sage Journals. Journal of Psychopharmacology, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2017.</div><div>Griffiths, R. R., W. A. Richards, U. Mccann, and R. Jesse. &quot;<a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Press_releases/2006/GriffithsPsilocybin.pdf">Psilocybin Can Occasion Mystical-type Experiences Having Substantial and Sustained Personal Meaning and Spiritual Significance.</a>&quot;Psychopharmacology 187.3 (2006): 268-83. Web.</div><div>Jesse, R., and R. R. Griffiths. &quot;<a href="http://csp.org/HopkinsPsilocybin2014.pdf">Psilocybin Research At Johns Hopkins: A 2014 Report</a>&quot; Council on Spiritual Practices (n.d.): n. pag. CSP. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Web.</div><div>Mitchell, Travis. &quot;<a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2016/04/12/religion-in-everyday-life/">Religion in Everyday Life.</a>&quot; Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project. N.p., 12 Apr. 2016. Web. 23 Jan. 2017.</div><div>Ospina, M. B., K. Bond, M. Karkhaneh, L. Tjosvold, B. Vandermeer, Y. Liang, L. Bialy, N. Hooton, N. Buscemi, D. M. Dryden, and T. P. Klassen. &quot;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17764203">Meditation Practices for Health: State of the Research.</a>&quot; Evidence Report/technology Assessment. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2017.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Psilocybin Is Having A Profound Impact On Managing Anxiety And Depression In Clinical Settings</title><description><![CDATA[Image by Peter DeJong/APThe utilization of psychoactive substances in a clinical setting is once again receiving recognition among healthcare professionals. In addition to the surpassed psychiatric hurdles that we had the opportunity to witness and document throughout the production of A New Understanding, studies conducted by respected institutions and medical facilities are continuing to roll out at an increasingly rapid rate. These substances, most notably psilocybin, are proving themselves<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_e2834dc0ef594f93902f86f962245d50%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_352/b579b3_e2834dc0ef594f93902f86f962245d50%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/02/10/Psilocybin-Is-Having-A-Profound-Impact-On-Managing-Anxiety-And-Depression-In-Clinical-Settings</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/02/10/Psilocybin-Is-Having-A-Profound-Impact-On-Managing-Anxiety-And-Depression-In-Clinical-Settings</guid><pubDate>Fri, 06 Jan 2017 17:27:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_e2834dc0ef594f93902f86f962245d50~mv2.jpg"/><div>Image by Peter DeJong/AP</div><div>The utilization of psychoactive substances in a clinical setting is once again receiving recognition among healthcare professionals. In addition to the surpassed psychiatric hurdles that we had the opportunity to witness and document throughout the production of A New Understanding, studies conducted by respected institutions and medical facilities are continuing to roll out at an increasingly rapid rate. These substances, most notably psilocybin, are proving themselves effective in aiding terminally-ill individuals whose severe depression and anxiety may have been considered clinically-untreatable a mere quarter-century ago.</div><div>As a method of furthering awareness, professor David Nutt of Imperial College London issued an editorial, <a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0269881116675754">published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology</a>, that looks to “the most rigorous controlled trials to date using the psychedelic drug psilocybin (Griffiths et al., 2016; Ross et al., 2016).” To help subside the fears that many people have carried with them from the ‘drugs fry your brain’ era, predominent figures in relevant fields of research were asked to give commentaries on two of the most boundary-pushing clinical studies of the past 50 years. The sheer amount of willingness from everyone that was approached, despite short notice, is a display in itself of the amount of interest that these studies and others like them have sparked.</div><div>Among the list of commentators are two past-presidents of the American Psychiatric Association (Jeffrey Lieberman and Paul Summergrad), the past-president of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (Guy Goodwin), previous deputy director of the Office of USA National Drug Control Policy (Herbert Kleber) and previous head of the UK Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Authority (Sir Alasdair Breckenridge). The responses offered by the commentators were overwhelmingly positive with the unanimous consensus being, “It’s time to take psychedelic treatments in psychiatry and oncology seriously, as we did in the 1950s and 1960s, which means we need to go back to the future,” according to the editorial by David Nutt.</div><div>At the time of Albert Hoffman’s discovery of LSD in 1943, there was no connotation attached to these substances whatsoever. It was not difficult for Hoffman to convince his employers at the pharmaceutical company Sandoz that this substance has the potential to aid in the understanding of mental illness, and may even present a novel approach to the treatment of such conditions. During the 50s and 60s Sandoz supplied the LSD used in hundreds of trials involving thousands of patients with over 130 of the research grants funded by the US government. The findings of these pioneer studies were generally reported as positive and encouraging regarding the alleviation of debilitating anxiety, depression and even addiction.</div><div>With the seemingly positive reception of LSD in the world of psychiatrics, Hoffman continued to conduct research on other psychoactive substances derived from plant matter, which brought him to DMT, the psychoactive ingredient of ayahuasca, and psilocybin, the primary psychoactive constituent of ‘magic’ mushrooms. This is where psilocybin gained its initial foothold in the world of healthcare, as its quick 30-50 minute onset and four-five hour duration made it the most ideal of the substances to administer and study in a controlled environment. Psilocybin also demonstrated a clear dose-effect relationship and, given the proper setting, rarely resulted in a ‘bad’ trip among research participants. Deemed the most clinically-ideal of the psychedelic substances, Sandoz believed they could revolutionize the field with their trials. unaware of the imminent resistance that would put this research on hold for decades.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_abb6b6e8abce46559a65fc9945577e7c~mv2_d_2037_1345_s_2.jpg"/><div>Image by Peter DeJong/AP</div><div>It was at the time of the Vietnam War protests and the Haight-Ashbury social revolution that LSD began receiving backlash from the United States government, which led to its ban on the basis of dubious so-called research findings of harm. Unfortunately, psilocybin and all other known psychedelic substances were grouped into this gross misjudgement and thus, received the same fate of criminalization despite a lack evidence that suggests potential dangers.</div><div>After a four-decade barrage of slander and fear incision, psychedelic substances are now being slowly resurrected in the world of medicine and psychiatric healthcare with the help of the field’s top minds. Since the beginning of the 21st century, a series of psychological, imaging and small pilot clinical studies have re-laid the groundwork set forth all those years ago. These studies have provided the intellectual foundation underpinning the two most recent clinical psychedelic investigations; the most rigorous double-blind placebo-controlled trials of a psychedelic drug in the past 50 years.</div><div>The first of the two studies acknowledged in Nutt’s editorial was led by Roland R. Griffiths, Ph.D. of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and <a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881116675513">published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology</a> last November. In the trial, 51 individuals with a life-threatening diagnosis and clinically-significant symptoms of anxiety and/or depression were given very low (placebo-like) doses (1 or 3 mg/70 kg) and high doses (22 or 30 mg/70 kg) of psilocybin. The doses were administered using a counterbalanced sequence with 5 weeks between sessions, followed by a 6-month follow-up session. </div><div>The high-dose of psilocybin administered during the trial seemed to have a definitive correlation with a decrease in both clinician- and self-rated measures of depression and anxiety, and increases in overall quality of life, life meaning and optimism. At the time of the 6-month follow-up, 80% of the participants continued to display clinically significant decreases in depressed-outlook and anxiety. Participants also attributed improvements they experienced in life/self, relationships, mood and spirituality to their high-dose experience.</div><div>The second clinical study, also <a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881116675512">published last November in the Journal of Psychopharmacology</a>, was led by Stephen Ross, MD of the New York University School of Medicine. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, the researchers randomly assigned 29 patients with cancer-related depression and anxiety to receive a single-dose of niacin or psilocybin (0.3 mg/kg), both in conjunction with psychotherapy. Changes in anxiety and depression were assessed between the two groups prior to the crossover at 7 weeks.</div><div>Prior to the crossover, those who received the dose of psilocybin demonstrated an immediate, substantial and sustained improvement in anxiety and depression as well as a decrease in their cancer-related demoralization and hopelessness, improved spiritual wellbeing and increased quality of life. At the time of the 6.5-month follow-up, the enduring anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects of psilocybin were still apparent, as approximately 60-80% of the trial participants demonstrated a sustained reduction in depression and anxiety, benefits in existential distress and, most importantly, an improved attitude towards death.</div><div>It is crucial to note that these studies are highly controlled and carefully conducted by medical researchers within a suitable clinical setting. Of course, there is more research to be done, and although the results are remarkably positive, healthcare professionals believe that this type of treatment will always need to be conducted in a clinical setting and not administered to patients for use at their discretion. The findings of these and similar studies, however, are nothing short of ground-breaking and are exactly what is necessary to incite the much-needed psychedelic revolution in the field of psychiatric healthcare.</div><div>“Hopefully, the positive findings that they report will act to spur on other researchers in the field of psychopharmacology, particularly in relation to depression, anxiety and addiction,” Nutt stated.</div><div>References</div><div>Nutt, David. &quot;<a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0269881116675754">Psilocybin for Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Care? Lessons from the past and Prospects for the Future.</a>&quot; Sage Pub. Journal of Psychopharmacology, n.d. Web.</div><div>Griffiths, R., M. Johnson, M. Carducci, A. Umbricht, W. Richards, B. Richards, M. Cosimano, and M. Klinedinst. &quot;<a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881116675513">Psilocybin Produces Substantial and Sustained Decreases in Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Life-threatening Cancer: A Randomized Double-blind Trial.</a>&quot; Sage Journals. Journal of Psychopharmacology, n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2017.</div><div>Ross, S., A. Bossis, J. Guss, G. Agin-Liebes, T. Malone, B. Cohen, S. Mennenga, A. Belser, K. Kalliontzi, J. Babb, Z. Su, P. Corby, and B. Schmidt. &quot;<a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881116675512">Rapid and Sustained Symptom Reduction following Psilocybin Treatment for Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Life-threatening Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial</a>&quot; Sage Journals. Journal of Psychopharmacology, n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2017.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Study Shows LSD Fights Depression By Inhibiting Regretful Thinking</title><description><![CDATA[Regret is a powerful feeling. Disappointment and penitence about events that have already taken place can really wear an individual down, so much so that for some people, it is as if they cannot escape the past. It is like their mind perpetually relives unpleasant past experiences and the negative feelings associated with them. Fortunately, there is very promising research being conducted that is improving our understanding of this "mental time travel" phenomenon. In fact, a recently conducted<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_7c63874cb48a4fd19c93b597746bb99d%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_619%2Ch_323/b579b3_7c63874cb48a4fd19c93b597746bb99d%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/05/26/Study-Shows-LSD-Fights-Depression-By-Inhibiting-Regretful-Thinking</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/05/26/Study-Shows-LSD-Fights-Depression-By-Inhibiting-Regretful-Thinking</guid><pubDate>Sat, 16 Apr 2016 17:50:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_7c63874cb48a4fd19c93b597746bb99d~mv2.jpg"/><div>Regret is a powerful feeling. Disappointment and penitence about events that have already taken place can really wear an individual down, so much so that for some people, it is as if they cannot escape the past. It is like their mind perpetually relives unpleasant past experiences and the negative feelings associated with them. Fortunately, there is very promising research being conducted that is improving our understanding of this &quot;mental time travel&quot; phenomenon. In fact, a recently conducted study has found that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) actually seems to possess properties that temporarily inhibit the connectivity of regions in the brain that are responsible for keeping the past in focus. In this study, which was published in the <a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881116628430?rss=1&amp;">Journal of Psychopharmacology</a>, the researchers stated that “mental time travel refers to the ability of humans to mentally project themselves backwards and forwards in time, to recollect aspects of past autobiographical episodes or imagine future experiences.” Several scholars believe that our ability to access and involuntarily replay past events plays a significant role in a person's sense of self and identity, most commonly referred to as the &quot;ego.&quot; Several studies have identified a particular brain network called the <a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/315/5810/393">default-mode network</a> (DMN) that has been found to be the key component in the occurrence of this mental time travel. <a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/315/5810/393">Research</a> shows that individuals who have higher rates of connectivity in the DMN tend to dwell on the past more, engage in more ruminative thought, and regularly suffer from depression and general low mood. What is interesting, however, is that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans performed on people under the effects of a variety of psychedelic substances have shown that such substances have the ability to decrease activity of DMN. Researchers believe that it is this effect that serves as the key component for &quot;ego dissolution,&quot; an event in which an individual experiences a subjective decomposition of their sense of self.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_43c3b951cfc3446296c7aed2fb6c9608~mv2.jpg"/><div>For this study, a research team, led by Jana Speth of the University of Dundee, devised an experiment to evaluate LSD's ability to decrease activity of the DMN in particular. For the experiment, the team administered either LSD or a placebo intravenously to a group of volunteers and immediately conducted fMRI scans for any rapid change in brain activity. Then, the team conducted a series of interviews with the volunteers, the transcripts of which were used to look for any &quot;theta roles,&quot; linguistic constructs that signify mentalizations of particular temporal domains, indicating mental time travel to either the past or the future, or a presently focused mind. Results of the experiments show that the individuals who received the LSD referred to the past far less often than those that were given the placebo, representing a decrease of mental time travel and a heightened focus on the present. This effect was a direct result of the dampening of the DMN, which means that LSD does in fact inhibit the regions of the brain that cause involuntary mental time traveling. It is yet to be scientifically determined how this trait persists after the acute effects of the LSD have subsided, however, LSD's ability to influence this self destructive neural circuit may lead to ground breaking discoveries by those searching for new and improved methods for fighting depression. Currently, a number of <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.20237/epdf?referrer_access_token=XJ6G5sJFYXUacicftwXzWU4keas67K9QMdWULTWMo8M34lCMW8yft1O-twxL28fxUoJlUfYMxHD6i_OX47C1XpYhC3tALYd8cEOyapntW_nFJTcWS3OgAc6wdfIiSJxSNr8nrdGtPi4E42u4I5PTP43QM9ZOztnroFuHZp2oGBAsrxb7AT60aEmjm8HoUTrn_em6wwSxA0CXuNQxhM6nKEhUUx6OS7UT4ZbwOr9qyyA%3D">mindfulness-based treatments for depression</a> encourage depressed individuals to adopt an improved present-focused mode of thinking, and this inhibition of the DMN may very well be the key.  More research is to be done before we can know, with certainty, the long-term depression alleviation effects of LSD, although the results of previous and ongoing experiments are extremely promising. It is becoming clear that the positive impact of some psychedelic substances on mood disorders, if enduring, could be exactly what psychiatric therapy has been waiting for.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_ee0d08fd5e094aabb69d95fad359e4da~mv2.jpg"/><div>References</div><div>Speth, J., C. Speth, M. Kaelen, A. M. Schloerscheidt, A. Feilding, D. J. Nutt, and R. L. Carhart-Harris. &quot;<a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881116628430?rss=1">Decreased Mental Time Travel to the past Correlates with Default-mode Network Disintegration under Lysergic Acid Diethylamide.</a>&quot; SAGE Journals. Journal of Psychopharmacology, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2016. Mason, M. F., M. J. Norton, J. D. Van Horn, D. M. Wegner, S. T. Grafton, and C. Neil Macrae. &quot;<a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/315/5810/393">Wandering Minds: The Default Network and Stimulus-Independent Thought.</a>&quot; Science. Science Magazine, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2016. Taub, Ben. &quot;<a href="http://www.iflscience.com/brain/lsd-could-help-fight-depression-inhibiting-mental-time-travel/">LSD Could Help Fight Depression By Inhibiting &quot;Mental Time Travel.</a>&quot; IFLScience. N.p., 25 Mar. 2016. Web. 28 Mar. 2016. Greicius, M. D., B. H. Flores, V. Menon, G. H. Glover, H. B. Solvason, H. Kenna, A. L. Reiss, and A. F. Schatzberg. &quot;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2001244/">Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Major Depression: Abnormally Increased Contributions from Subgenual Cingulate Cortex and Thalamus.</a>&quot; Biological Psychiatry. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2016. Shapiro, S. L., L. E. Carlson, J. A. Astin, and B. Freedman. &quot;<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.20237/epdf?referrer_access_token=XJ6G5sJFYXUacicftwXzWU4keas67K9QMdWULTWMo8M34lCMW8yft1O-twxL28fxUoJlUfYMxHD6i_OX47C1XpYhC3tALYd8cEOyapntW_nFJTcWS3OgAc6wdfIiSJxSNr8nrdGtPi4E42u4I5PTP43QM9ZOztnroFuHZp2oGBAsrxb7AT60aEmjm8HoUTrn_em6wwSxA0CXuNQxhM6nKEhUUx6OS7UT4ZbwOr9qyyA%3D">Neural Mechanisms and Mindfulness.</a>&quot; (n.d.): n. pag. Mindfulnessstudies.com. Journal of Clinical Psychology. Web.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>DMT Is Doing More For Afterlife Beliefs Than Religion In Today's Society</title><description><![CDATA[Artwork by Cameron Gray As it turns out, experiences induced by dimethyltryptamine (DMT) may be doing better for the belief in an afterlife than conventional forms of religion have in recent decades. Many of the testimonials from individuals that have traversed the 'astral planes' by means of DMT, whether it be through ingestion or pineal secretion during a kundalini awakening or near death experience, describe a sort of spiritual awakening, often returning to ordinary consciousness with new<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_f523a9a5b31340ceadb0062979ced9b9%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_351/b579b3_f523a9a5b31340ceadb0062979ced9b9%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/05/25/DMT-Is-Doing-More-For-Afterlife-Beliefs-Than-Religion-In-Todays-Society</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/05/25/DMT-Is-Doing-More-For-Afterlife-Beliefs-Than-Religion-In-Todays-Society</guid><pubDate>Sat, 02 Apr 2016 18:47:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_f523a9a5b31340ceadb0062979ced9b9~mv2.jpg"/><div>Artwork by Cameron Gray </div><div>As it turns out, experiences induced by dimethyltryptamine (DMT) may be doing better for the belief in an afterlife than conventional forms of religion have in recent decades. Many of the testimonials from individuals that have traversed the 'astral planes' by means of DMT, whether it be through ingestion or pineal secretion during a kundalini awakening or near death experience, describe a sort of spiritual awakening, often returning to ordinary consciousness with new feelings and thoughts on physical life and existence in the universe. For some, this awakening was met with a glimpse of an afterlife and existence beyond its physical form. &quot;DMT is responsible for providing users with powerful trips in which they often experience the presence of calming beings believed to be from an underlying layer of reality which then expose people to the idea that the information we receive through our physical senses is limited. When people make this deep connection and understanding that there is more to reality than what we can experience through the senses they begin to suspect that there may be more to life than the physical.” -Professor Rick Strassman</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_d2b47144f1c04af5b2631f20a5e75393~mv2.jpg"/><div>Arguably the most powerful of the DMT experiences would likely be the near death experience as it comes on suddenly, involuntarily, and without warning. In the moment of a near death experience, for a reason that remains unexplained, the pineal gland provides the brain with a rush of DMT sending the individual into what feels like an eternity of intense, spiritual fulfillment and tranquility often associated with experiences described as connecting with the divine or finding peace in the light. Many near death experience survivors have given reports of returning to coherency with powerful feelings of: - Unconditional love, so much so that the individual is changed by it and  feels compelled to share their love with others. - Timelessness, the ability to be fully present and operate in the flow  of life rather than abiding by a tight schedule. - Reincarnation, even if the near death experience survivor had no belief in reincarnation or life after death before, many have changed their belief after their awakening.</div><div>“Words can’t really describe the magnitude of the all-consuming love experienced when being in the light. And not only love but perfection, peace, serenity, calmness and beauty. I felt that I was safely home. I was over-awed with the experience. “ -Ken Mullans, near death experience survivor These powerful, personal, and sacramental moments that dimethyltryptamine can provide an individual have changed lives and have been a source of spiritual guidance through out human history. Humans have been experimenting with pineal exercise, awakening the nervous system, and opening their inner eye out of curiosity for these mysterious moments of spiritual clarity since before the ancient Egyptians.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_2ff7912120124f6bac681d27a942d688~mv2.jpg"/><div>Comparison of the Egyptian Eye of Re (Ra) or the right eye of Horus and the human pineal gland</div><div>What raises the most questions is that if these powerfully visual, audible, and interactive experiences are produced within one's mind, why do the vast majority of the experiences have underlying similarities? Based on ancient illustrations, traditional practices, and accounts taken over the past century, the many DMT experiences throughout history overall have similar themes and glimpses of a commonly described spirit realm. How could this be possible if these experiences really are the production of an individuals mind? Is it more likely that the substance of DMT is capable of temporarily detaching one's consciousness from their physical channel and granting them temporary conscious access to an existence beyond our physical realm?“I prayed for years and went to church but have never had anything near a proper religious experience before, but when I smoked DMT it was like someone came along and went ‘here look behind this curtain’, pulled back our received reality, and went ‘that’s reality.'&quot; -80 year old former Catholic Niall O'hara from London&quot;I have absolutely no fear of death. From my near-death research and my personal experiences, death is, in my judgment, simply a transition into another kind of reality.&quot; -Dr. Raymond Moody</div><div>Graham Hancock on gaining insight to another level of reality through ayahuasca and DMT</div><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5lnLcRR35bY"/><div>References Erlich, Stephanie S., M.D., and Michael L. J. Apuzzo, M.D. &quot;The Pineal Gland: Anatomy, Physiology, and Clinical Significance.&quot; The Journal of Neurosurgery. n.d. Web. Graves, Lee. &quot;Research and the Study of Near Death Experiences.&quot; Kuriakon - Celestial Travelers. N.p., n.d. Web. Greyson, B. 2010. Near-Death Experiences. Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. 1–2. Keller, Alanna. &quot;Is This Proof of An Afterlife?&quot; Collective Evolution. N.p., n.d. Web. &quot;Near Death Experience and Spiritual Awakenings.&quot; Kuriakon - Celestial Travelers. N.p., n.d. Web. &quot;Near Death Experience Testimonials.&quot; Kuriakon - Celestial Travelers. N.p., n.d. Web. &quot;Smoking DMT Doing More For Belief In Afterlife Than Religion...&quot; Wunderground. N.p., n.d. Web.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>The Bible's Moses Was On DMT Says Hebrew Professor</title><description><![CDATA[It's not only possible, but plausible that Moses' legendary encounter with the ever burning bush, his conversation with Yahweh, and the bestowing of the Torah could have happened to him while he was under the influence of DMT, according to professor of cognitive psychology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Benny Shanon. "It seems logical that something was altered in people's consciousness," explains Shanon. "There are other stories in the Bible that mention the use of plants: for example,<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_a0310529e8b244698c37312365d29d1d%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_297/b579b3_a0310529e8b244698c37312365d29d1d%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2016/05/28/The-Bibles-Moses-Was-On-DMT-Says-Hebrew-Professor</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2016/05/28/The-Bibles-Moses-Was-On-DMT-Says-Hebrew-Professor</guid><pubDate>Sun, 20 Mar 2016 17:43:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_a0310529e8b244698c37312365d29d1d~mv2.jpg"/><div>It's not only possible, but plausible that Moses' legendary encounter with the ever burning bush, his conversation with Yahweh, and the bestowing of the Torah could have happened to him while he was under the influence of DMT, according to professor of cognitive psychology at the <a href="http://new.huji.ac.il/en">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Shanon">Benny Shanon</a>.  &quot;It seems logical that something was altered in people's consciousness,&quot; explains Shanon. &quot;There are other stories in the Bible that mention the use of plants: for example, the tree of the knowledge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden. The use of such substances, most of which fall in our contemporary Western culture under the label “drug,” has in many traditions been considered sacred.&quot;</div><div>Shanon argues that the acacia tree and the peganum harmala bush, both native to the Negev and Sinai, may have been used in a brew that the Israelites during religious ceremony. There is also frequent mention of acacia through out the bible and it was wood from the acacia that was used to construct the Ark of the Covenant. What we know now is that the native acacia trees are particularly high in DMT content and the peganum harmala is rich with MAOI, a DMT inhibitor which allows the DMT compound to be activated orally. The ceremonial potion the Israelites were consuming likely produced experiences very similar to that of ayahuasca.</div><div> 2 And the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush: and he looked,  and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush  was not consumed. 3 And Moses said, I will now turn aside, and see this  great sight, why the bush is not burnt. 4 And when the Lord saw that he turned aside to see, God called unto him out of the midst of the bush, and  said, Moses, Moses. And he said, Here am I. -Exodus 3:2-4 Old Testament-</div><div> Had Moses partaken in the ancestral, ceremonial brew, it would have certainly induced a powerful, lengthy vision quest during which he could have experienced vivid hallucinations, revelational thoughts, internal struggles, and connectivity with the divine. A disassociation with the passage of time is also an experience commonly associated with DMT. Shanon suggests &quot;that's why Moses thought the bush was not consumed. It should have been burned in the time he thought had passed. And in that time, he heard God speaking to him.&quot; </div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_bcd8dae2815745e99105f783e608e376~mv2.jpg"/><div>Shanon's argument, formulated using the old testament, is based entirely off of the assumptions that the events of the bible are true and that a man named Moses existed. Unfortunately, due to historical inaccuracies, the bible is not a reliable source of evidence. The possibility is still fascinating because of how consistent some of the passages of the bible are to that of experiences involving entheogens during religious practice. &quot;Hypotheses have been around for 20 years connecting the beginning of religions with psychoactive materials,&quot; said Shanon.  Whether or not it was a person by the name of Moses, the tale of the Burning Bush is certainly a testimonial of somebody's experience. Considering the accuracy of the events described in the bible have been under scrutiny since the time of its origin, Shanon's hypothesis of biblical entheogens will likely remain yet another un-entertained theory of humanity's theological roots. Published in the Time and Mind: The Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness and Culture, Benny Shanon's <a href="http://agrobuti.net/allegati/BennyShanon.pdf">Biblical Entheogens: A Speculative Hypothesis</a> offers additional evidence to support his claim and some more of the details of this argument.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_b222d42df12d4d4ab736ed08da17c5bd~mv2.jpg"/><div>References</div><div>Shanon, Benny. &quot;<a href="http://agrobuti.net/allegati/BennyShanon.pdf">Biblical Entheogens: A Speculative Hypothesis.</a>&quot; Volume I—Issue I March 2008 Pp. 51–74. Time and Mind: The Journal of Archaeology Consciousness and Culture, n.d. Web. <a href="https://www.lds.org/scriptures/ot/ex/3?lang=eng">Exodus 3 The Burning Bush of the Old Testament</a></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Research Team Finds Plastic-Eating Mushroom Species In Amazon Forest</title><description><![CDATA[From within the Amazon rain forest, a group of researchers from Yale University’s Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry have discovered a species of fungus that is able to naturally break down and consume polyurethane. As the plastic addiction of our convenience driven society weighs in at roughly 251 million tons of discarded plastics a year, this discovery poses ground breaking opportunities. A compilation of data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) courtesy of the<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_6bcc95fdf2904f80a44f17d43414d70b%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2016/03/02/Research-Team-Finds-Plastic-Eating-Mushroom-Species-In-Amazon-Forest</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2016/03/02/Research-Team-Finds-Plastic-Eating-Mushroom-Species-In-Amazon-Forest</guid><pubDate>Wed, 02 Mar 2016 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_6bcc95fdf2904f80a44f17d43414d70b~mv2.jpg"/><div>From within the Amazon rain forest, a group of researchers from Yale University’s Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry have discovered a species of fungus that is able to naturally break down and consume polyurethane. As the plastic addiction of our convenience driven society weighs in at roughly 251 million tons of discarded plastics a year, this discovery poses ground breaking opportunities. A compilation of data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) courtesy of the Huff Post shows the annual rate of plastic based goods thrown away annually in the US:Plastic Plates and Cups: 780,000 tons were produced, and all 780,000 tons were discarded.Plastic Bags, Sacks and Wraps: 3,960,000 tons were produced. 9.8% was recovered (390,000). 3,570,000 tons were discarded.Plastic Trash Bags: 930,000 tons were produced, and all 930,000 were discarded.Other non-durable goods including plastic: (disposable diapers, footwear and clothing) 4,810,000 tons produced with all 4,810,000 tons discarded.PET Bottles and Jars: 2,680,000 tons were produced, 27.2 % were recovered (730,000 tons) and 1,950,000 tons were discarded.HDPE (white translucent homopolymer bottles): 750,000 tons were produced, and 29.3 % (220,000 tons) were recovered. 530,000 tons were discarded.Other Plastic Packaging: (coatings, closures, lids, caps, clamshells, egg cartons, produce baskets, trays, shapes, and loose fill) 3,720,000 tons were produced. 3% (110,000 tons) were recovered, and 3 Million 610 Thousand Tons were discarded.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_7733733e35754dddab94a5bb634f7eae~mv2.jpg"/><div>At the time of the discovery, the group of students were on an annual research trip in Ecuador with professor Scott Strobel. They were screening several dozen fungi specimen to determine their ability to decompose synthetic polymer polyester polyurethane (PUR). Lo and behold, the team published in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology that “several organisms demonstrated the ability to efficiently degrade PUR in both solid and liquid suspensions. Particularly robust activity was observed among several isolates in the genus Pestalotiopsis, although it was not a universal feature of this genus.” Not only can the mushroom survive on polyurethane as its only food source, the team also found that Pestalotiopsis has the capacity to survive in an anaerobic (oxygen-free) environment, like a landfill for example. This natural, non-polluting breakdown process may prove to be a powerful weapon - nature's weapon - against the plastic that we are beginning to bury ourselves in. The process through which this extraordinary fungus breaks down polyurethane can be seen below.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_ec11fdeb3ef8428fb7abbd481f241c0f~mv2.png"/><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/113942952"/><div>References</div><div>Russell, J., J. Huang, P. Anand, K. Kucera, A. Sandoval, K. Dantzler, D. Hickman, J. Jee, F. Kimovec, D. Koppstein, D. Marks, P. Mittermiller, S. Núñez, M. Santiago, M. Townes, M. Vishnevetsky, N. Williams, M. Vargas, L. Boulanger, C. Bascom-Slack, and S. Strobel. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. American Society For Microbiology, n.d. Web.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Revisiting LSD For Treatment Of Alcohol Dependency</title><description><![CDATA[Several decades ago, LSD was used by a number of clinics for the treatment of alcoholism. Due to the U.S. scheduling of Lysergic acid diethylamide, much of the research went unnoticed or deliberately ignored, despite the preliminary indications of success reported by some of the medical practitioners. Now, available in the Journal of Psychopharmacology, published by SAGE, a meta-analysis of all of the randomized controlled LSD trials shows conclusively that LSD is beneficial in the treatment of<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_bee649fcc73b4d32bcbb06d663007d09%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_326/b579b3_bee649fcc73b4d32bcbb06d663007d09%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2016/02/18/Revisiting-LSD-For-Treatment-Of-Alcohol-Dependency</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2016/02/18/Revisiting-LSD-For-Treatment-Of-Alcohol-Dependency</guid><pubDate>Thu, 18 Feb 2016 17:35:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_bee649fcc73b4d32bcbb06d663007d09~mv2.jpg"/><div>Several decades ago, LSD was used by a number of clinics for the treatment of alcoholism. Due to the U.S. scheduling of Lysergic acid diethylamide, much of the research went unnoticed or deliberately ignored, despite the preliminary indications of success reported by some of the medical practitioners. Now, available in the Journal of Psychopharmacology, published by SAGE, a meta-analysis of all of the randomized controlled LSD trials shows conclusively that LSD is beneficial in the treatment of alcohol dependency. The analysis was initiated by Pål-Ørjan Johansen and Teri Krebs of the Department of Neuroscience at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). It was during their research fellowships at Harvard Medical School that the two noticed there was a gap in the understanding of LSD as an effective treatment for alcoholism. No one had done a quantitative analysis on the studies conducted all those years ago, which could have very well been used to refute the &quot;no currently accepted medical use&quot; as stated by the federal Drug Enforcement Agency in 1967. The two of them set out independently to extract as much of the discarded research data from the late 1960s and early 70s that they could find. They managed to indicate six eligible trials that could be used for the comparison. These compiled studies included 536 volunteers, many of whom were male patients that had already been enrolled in alcohol-focused treatment programs. Each trial had clearly defined dosage, placebo, and control conditions.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_3f44b1ba5c2c42a495bd890a1479861f~mv2.jpg"/><div>Although the trials varied in dosage and type of placebo administered, the LSD had positive outcomes reported in every trial. It was determined that, on average, 59 percent of the LSD patients and 38 percent of the control patients showed definitive signs of improvement in the standardized assessment of problem alcohol use. The results were similar in the assessment of maintained abstinence in individuals that had already managed to abstain but were facing difficulties. Every one of these trials along with a number of non-randomized trials concluded that this effect of LSD on alcoholic tendencies lasted at least six months and seems to fade after a year's time. &quot;It was rather common for patients to claim significant insights into their problems, to feel that they had been given a new lease on life, and to make a strong resolution to discontinue their drinking,&quot; noted an investigator of one of the trials. LSD is not known to be toxic or addictive to the body, but its effects on thought, imagination, perception, and memory can elicit times of intense distress and anxiety that could cause one to reach for the bottle, Krebs explained. LSD interacts with specific serotonin receptors in the brain, which can allow one to make new connections and open their perspective to new possibilities. &quot;It was not unusual for patients following their LSD experience to become much more self-accepting, to show greater openness and accessibility, and to adopt a more positive, optimistic view of their capacities to face future problems.&quot; stated another researcher from one of the original trials. &quot;Given the evidence for a beneficial effect of LSD on alcoholism, it is puzzling why this treatment approach has been largely overlooked,&quot; said Johansen. The authors explain that the reason for this may have been because the individual studies did not have enough patients to show conclusive evidence, but when combined, the apparent consistency is more than sufficient to show the legitimate potential for LSD as a treatment for alcoholism. Johansen and Krebs believe that, combined with modern alcohol relapse prevention treatment, LSD administration could be perfected to determine dosage requirements and time frames between treatment sessions and provide more sustained results. The two investigators also note that plantbased psychedelics such as ayahuasca and mescaline respectively deserve their own investigation as an additional possibility for the treatment of alcoholism. </div><div>References</div><div>Krebs, Teri S., and Pål-Ørjan Johansen. &quot;<a href="https://www.ntnu.edu/documents/139226/8932977/JOP439253.pdf">Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) for Alcoholism: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.</a>&quot; Journal of Psychopharmacology 39.10 (2007): 1177. NTNU.edu. Web. SAGE Publications. &quot;<a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120308224524.htm">Revisiting LSD as a treatment for alcoholism.</a>&quot; ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 8 March 2012.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Johns Hopkins Study Finds Psilocybin's 'Sweet Spot' For Lasting Positive Effects</title><description><![CDATA[Man's use of mushrooms, whether it be for culinary, practical, or recreational purposes, dates back through the milennia. A variety of different fungus spores have been discovered in tooth scraping of human fossils as old as 19,000 years meaning our Paleolithic ancestry was very much aware of the sustenance certain mushrooms can provide, and perhaps even the psychoactive effects of others. In the late 1950s and 60s, mushroom species of the Psilocybe genus became wildly popularized on the streets<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_aefab0b520194ad594fcaf3bd44abcd9%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_313/b579b3_aefab0b520194ad594fcaf3bd44abcd9%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2016/02/11/Johns-Hopkins-Study-Finds-Psilocybins-Sweet-Spot-For-Lasting-Positive-Effects</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2016/02/11/Johns-Hopkins-Study-Finds-Psilocybins-Sweet-Spot-For-Lasting-Positive-Effects</guid><pubDate>Thu, 11 Feb 2016 19:23:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_aefab0b520194ad594fcaf3bd44abcd9~mv2.jpg"/><div>Man's use of mushrooms, whether it be for culinary, practical, or recreational purposes, dates back through the milennia. A variety of different fungus spores have been discovered in tooth scraping of human fossils as old as 19,000 years meaning our Paleolithic ancestry was very much aware of the sustenance certain mushrooms can provide, and perhaps even the psychoactive effects of others. In the late 1950s and 60s, mushroom species of the Psilocybe genus became wildly popularized on the streets of North America for the powerfully hallucinogenic, often spiritual influence they had on one's state of consciousness.  Unfortunately, this rapid rate of unregulated dosing resulted in many individuals learning the hard way that a mismanaged use of the mysterious fungus can just as easily have a profoundly negative effect on one's state of consciousness. Known as psychedelic casualties, some individuals that likely took an excessive amount of psychoactive mushrooms with a less than ideal set and setting had terrifying, even haunting experiences that left them psychologically impacted for some time after, even indefinitely in some cases. Scares like this led to the swift and uninformed decision to place a strict prohibition on the psilocybin mushrooms and any ongoing research, despite any psychological benefits it may possess as a genuine medicine. This is where the research being conducted at the <a href="http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/som/">Johns Hopkins University of Medicine</a> comes into play. In this particular study led by Roland Griffiths, PhD, the team of Johns Hopkins researchers designed an experiment in order to develop a better understanding of the immediate and persisting dose-related effects of psilocybin. Researchers had hopes of uncovering the dosage 'sweet spot' of pure psilocybin in order to achieve all of the desired benefits while minimizing the potential for any negative experiences. After screening individuals between the ages of 29 and 62, the team selected 18 of sound mind and body to undergo five sessions, each of which were eight hours in length and timed one month apart. During four of the sessions, the volunteers would receive varying dosages of the psilocybin compound and a placebo at the remaining session to serve as a control. During the study, as with many of the studies at Hopkins, the volunteers were asked to lie down on a comfortable couch in a cozy, home-like environment with the company of trained monitor. After being administered the compound, they were encouraged to lie down and relax with the choice of donning a blindfold and/or headphones provided for them. The volunteers and the monitors were both unaware as to how much psilocybin the subject would receive during each session, though each volunteer was adequately prepared from coaching and guidance prior to the sessions.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_28c0788de9ad40d9b529cfec49865db0~mv2.jpg"/><div>As to be expected, the researchers noticed that the higher dosages were correlated with increases in positive effects, but also resulted in more instances of negativity throughout the experience. At the highest dosage of 30 mg/70 kg, 78 percent of the subjects reported having experienced on of the top five most spiritually significant events of their lives, though the reported moments of anxiety, fear, and stress increased by six times. At this dose, nearly a third of the participating volunteers experienced some sort of psychological struggle.  On the other hand, the second highest dose used in the study (20 mg/70kg) resulted in only one of the volunteers reporting any negative experiences and all volunteers reporting positive experiences, albeit at a lower intensity than on the larger dose. What was perhaps the most notable of all, however, is that even the lowest dose used for the study (5 mg/70 kg) demonstrated discernible and long-lasting positive effects on behavior, attitude and overall outlook. So much so that even friends and family members of the volunteers were able to notice the changes. &quot;We seem to have found levels of the substance and particular conditions for its use that give a high probability of a profound and beneficial experience, a low enough probability of psychological struggle, and very little risk of any actual harm,&quot; says lead author Roland Griffiths, PhD Just one month after the study had concluded, 61 percent of the volunteers disclosed that their psilocybin experience was the single most significant spiritual experience of their lives. With some more time to reflect, a followup 14 months after the study showed that 94 percent of the subjects felt the experience was definitely within their top 5 most significant.</div><div>While the results of this dose-effect study may seem somewhat predictably, it provides a numerical measurement and scientific reinforcement to previous research which has shown that psilocybin, under carefully calculated and controlled conditions, &quot;has a high probability of leading to mystical or spiritual experiences descriptively identical to spontaneous ones mystics have reported across cultures and throughout the ages, while not leading to drug abuse or organ toxicity.&quot; Other studies conducted at the Johns Hopkins University have looked into the efficacy of psilocybin as treatment for addictions and even the alleviation of the fear and anxiety experienced by individuals diagnosed with cancer. Some experimentation is even designed for the purpose of exploring psilocybin's spiritual effects by combining doses of the pure compound with traditional forms of cultivation such as awareness training, meditation and spiritual dialogue. Over 40 years ago, similar experiments that were yielding similar results were slandered and subjected to bad press and federal fear mongering, bringing research to a screeching halt. After a few decades of cultural advancement, forward thinking and scientific breakthrough, it seems that the news of ongoing strides in psychedelic research is being well received in today's society. Even Czar Jerome Jaffe, MD, former chief of the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention under the Nixon administration, has stated that &quot;the Hopkins Psilocybin studies clearly demonstrate that this route to the mystical is not to be walked alone, but they have also demonstrated significant and lasting benefits.&quot; A groundbreaking change of heart.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_05c0c442545f4d7b83e777145c67b1f0~mv2.jpg"/><div>References</div><div>Griffiths, Roland R., Matthew W. Johnson, William A. Richards, Brian D. Richards, Una McCann, and Robert Jesse. &quot;Psilocybin Occasioned Mystical-type Experiences: Immediate and Persist.&quot; Ing Dose-related Effects. Psychopharmacology, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2016. Griffiths, Roland R., William A. Richards, Una McCann, and Robert Jesse. &quot;Psilocybin Occasioned Mystical-type Experiences: Immediate and Persist.&quot; Ing Dose-related Effects. Psychopharmacology, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2016. Ridden, Paul. &quot;Johns Hopkins Study Finds Psilocybin Dosage 'sweet Spot' for Positive and Lasting Effects.&quot; Johns Hopkins Study Finds Psilocybin Dosage 'sweet Spot' for Positive and Lasting Effects. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2016. Council on Spiritual Practices: Psilocybin  http://csp.org/psilocybin/</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Protecting The Human Rights Of Individuals Who Use Psychedelics</title><description><![CDATA[The last century’s ‘War on Drugs’ has obstructed the worldwide development of potential psychiatric treatments that utilize psychedelic substances such as psilocybin, mescaline, and LSD. The criminalization of these hallucinogens has also had a negative outcome for the millions of people that use these substance in scenarios outside of a clinical setting, whether it be for spiritual practice, self exploration, or a new perspective of the universe we live in. Thanks to the findings from the<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_dcb3416f7f9a45548a5d25fd6811812a%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_600%2Ch_314/b579b3_dcb3416f7f9a45548a5d25fd6811812a%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/05/15/Protecting-The-Human-Rights-Of-Individuals-Who-Use-Psychedelics</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2017/05/15/Protecting-The-Human-Rights-Of-Individuals-Who-Use-Psychedelics</guid><pubDate>Wed, 20 Jan 2016 18:00:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_dcb3416f7f9a45548a5d25fd6811812a~mv2.jpg"/><div>The last century’s ‘War on Drugs’ has obstructed the worldwide development of potential psychiatric treatments that utilize psychedelic substances such as psilocybin, mescaline, and LSD. The criminalization of these hallucinogens has also had a negative outcome for the millions of people that use these substance in scenarios outside of a clinical setting, whether it be for spiritual practice, self exploration, or a new perspective of the universe we live in. Thanks to the findings from the recent studies done on these substances in addition to the further ongoing research, the UN is going to meet in 2016 in New York to set the course for the future of international drug policy.“National and international policies should respect the human rights of individuals who chose to use psychedelics as a spiritual, personal development, or cultural activity.” -Teri Suzanne Krebs, Lancet Psychiatry Through the study of ancient text and illustrations, it is now certain that psilocybin among other naturally occurring psychoactive substances have been used for spiritual practice for over 5,000 years, predating all known major religions. Cave paintings found on the Tassili Plains of northern Algeria dating back to 9,000 B.P. depict “anthropomorphic figures” with images of mushrooms on their bodies, showing that the power of these psychoactive mushrooms had been realized and was viewed as mystical and divine to the people of this time. Many have suggested it may be possible that the consumption of naturally occurring psychoactive substances could have helped stimulate the intellectual growth and curiosity in a primitive ancestor of the Homo genus, which in turn could have sparked philosophical thinking and a desire to verbally communicate with one another.</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_dad1d94bb220446bbf9eeb85e472d61f~mv2.jpg"/><div>At the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances, the WHO (World Health Organization) was responsible for determining the international policy for for psychedelic substances. In their original assessment, they stated that psychedelics “are usually taken in the hope of inducing a mystical experience leading to a greater understanding of the users' personal problems and of the universe”. There were no examples of any sort of harm associated with naturally-occurring psychedelic substances such as peyote and psilocybin, and only mentioned a few inconclusive anecdotes about LSD. This raises the question as to why this assessment was disregarded and these substances were hastily scheduled as harmful drugs with no apparent medicinal value.</div><div>Based on extensive human research and experience, it is now acknowledged that the use of these psychedelic substances does not result in addiction and that there is no association between psychedelics and chromosome damage, toxicity to the brain and body, and lasting mental illness. In their article, Lancet Psychiatry stated that “Overall psychedelics are not particularly dangerous when compared with other common activities.” As the psychedelic experience predates even the oldest organized religion, and may have even sparked intrigue into the spiritual realm, it could be said that it is an individual's birthright to embark on a journey into the conscience, and he or she should have the freedom to do so without fear of prosecution or the tarnishing of one’s reputation.</div><div>References</div><div>Johansen, and Krebs. &quot;Psychedelics Not Linked to Mental Health Problems or Suicidal Behavior: A Population Study.&quot; National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 03 Apr. 2015. Krebs, Teri S. &quot;Protecting the Human Right of People Who Use Psychedelics.&quot; The Lancet Psychiatry. N.p., n.d. Web. War on Drugs: Report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy (2011): n. pag. Web.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Can Psychedelics Deepen Appreciation For Art And Music?</title><description><![CDATA[Artwork by Alex Grey, photograph by Taryn MoosmanHumanity has a long and interesting artistic history dating back to a time before we developed spoken language. Art and illustrations served as an easy and understandable method of conveying thoughts and feelings. Visionary art is the manifestation of these thoughts and feelings experienced in another state of consciousness and that are indescribable except through art as the medium. As an artist falls into and is engulfed by the painting they are<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_8156f16350414c8582cae9f7e791fb8f%7Emv2.png"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2016/01/07/Can-Psychedelics-Deepen-Appreciation-For-Art-And-Music</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2016/01/07/Can-Psychedelics-Deepen-Appreciation-For-Art-And-Music</guid><pubDate>Thu, 07 Jan 2016 17:14:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_8156f16350414c8582cae9f7e791fb8f~mv2.png"/><div>Artwork by Alex Grey, photograph by Taryn Moosman</div><div>Humanity has a long and interesting artistic history dating back to a time before we developed spoken language. Art and illustrations served as an easy and understandable method of conveying thoughts and feelings. Visionary art is the manifestation of these thoughts and feelings experienced in another state of consciousness and that are indescribable except through art as the medium. As an artist falls into and is engulfed by the painting they are striving to produce, the artist is pulling out from the creative universe within. Art in all spectrums is a result of an inner drive to manifest physically what the universe wants to create through one's consciousness. Art is made through us, not out of us. </div><div>When a traveler enters the psychedelic state, new synapses are created or recreated which allows the person to “trip”. In this state of consciousness, individuals tend to think and see outside of their regularly programmed experience. As a result of this broadened perspective, one can appreciate new perspectives of a painting they have always seen or hear new sounds in a track they were already familiar with. Now what do we do with this new perspective creatively?</div><div>Trippers often see images printed onto a blank canvas such as a wall, or see new patterns in an already visually stimulating textile. Often at times, people will try to draw what they see directly or artists will be inclined to include aspects of these images into the art they manifest about a certain experience or feeling during a trip. Under the influence of a psychedelic, many individuals claim that they connect to the god head of the universe or &quot;that space in which the universes creativity came from.&quot; Is it possible that being connected to this space allows for artists and musicians to create beautifully elaborate art? </div><div>Artwork by Jonathan Solter</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_9124516e6a9249f287b58be1f914c07e~mv2.jpg"/><div>&quot;Research studies by <a href="http://noetic.org/directory/person/willis-harman">Willis Harman</a>, <a href="http://www.jamesfadiman.com/">James Fadiman</a>, <a href="http://www.erowid.org/culture/characters/janiger_oscar/janiger_oscar.shtml">Oscar Janiger</a>, and others have confirmed that something substantial underlies these claims. These studies provide compelling evidence that not only can LSD and other psychedelics significantly enhance the imagination, inspire novel thought, and strengthen problem-solving abilities--they can actually improve creativity and artistic performance.&quot;</div><div>This increase in appreciation and creative skill of art and music may come from being connected to that creative universal space. Also, in a psychedelic state of consciousness, it seems that a lot of social barriers and programs are broken down, allowing an individual to think outside of the regular construct in which they function. By functioning outside of a &quot;program&quot;, one is able to think more creatively and abstractly which would allow someone to figure out the solution to a problem more creatively. Willis Harman studied this in his lab. He took participants that brought in a professional real problem to solve and analyzed the creative thinking before taking the psychedelic, mescaline, and after. Harman took the solutions participants had come up with and had them evaluated. Virtually all participants scored high on the creative problem solving curriculum. It seems that psychedelics have a profound effect on an individual creatively. One becomes more appreciative of art and music, they are inspired by the experience to create, and by deconditioning the social programming individuals are able to think abstractly and creatively and connect to the universal god head that holds the creative power of our infinite universe. </div><div>Picasso said: “We all know that Art is not truth. Art is a lie that makes us realize truth at least the truth that is given us to understand. The artist must know the manner whereby to convince others of the truthfulness of his lies.” So it is “a succession of object-stimuli that might be used to lead the subject beyond the aesthetic appreciation of the thing to meaningful examination of his own life.&quot; Through the beautiful creation of music and art, one can see and hear the meaning of the work, and this can lead one to analyze their own life and spark something significant from it. It is in this psychedelic state that many of the world's renowned artists, musicians, thinkers, philosophers, and scientists have manifested significant pieces that help shape the social culture.</div><div>Artwork by <a href="https://kubaambrose.com/">Kuba Ambrose</a></div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_567bc7d7cce04af9885217340d86cca7~mv2.jpg"/><div><a href="http://cosm.org">Alex Grey</a> speaks on manifesting art from each psychedelic experience:</div><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/d6btfOKbkFI"/><div>References</div><div>Hancock, Graham. &quot;<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gpyOBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA95&amp;lpg=PA95&amp;dq=psychedelics">The Divine Spark: A Graham Hancock Reader</a>.&quot; Google Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2015.</div><div>Hannes, Peter. &quot;<a href="http://www.lsdexperience.com/part-2/art-aesthetic/">Art, Aesthetic.</a>&quot; LSD Experience RSS. N.p., 27 Aug. 2010. Web. 13 July 2015.</div><div>Brown, David Jay. &quot;<a href="http://patch.com/california/santacruz/can-psychedelicdrugs-enhance-creativity">Can Psychedelic Drugs Enhance Creativity?</a>&quot; Santa Cruz, California Patch. N.p., 26 July 2012. Web. 13 July 2015.</div><div>Opar, Susan. &quot;<a href="http://www2.siena.edu/pages/7615.asp">Can Hallucinogens Make You Creative?</a>&quot; Siena.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2015.</div><div>Palmer, Brian. &quot;<a href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2011/10/steve_jobs_implied_that_taking_lsd_made_him_more_creative_does_t.html">Could Acid Make You As Creative as Steve Jobs?</a>&quot; Slate.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2015.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Psychedelic Research: A Look Into The Past, Present, And Future</title><description><![CDATA[Psychedelics in particular are nothing new to human history and have served as catalysts and vehicles of consciousness in many cultures and societies. Walsh (2003) lists various examples in his article, Enthoegens: True or False? Historical examples include Hinduism’s soma, the Zoroastrian haoma, the Australian Aboriginals’ Pituri, Zen’s tea, the kykeon of the Greek Eleusinian mysteries (Smith, 1964), and the wine of Dionysis Eleutherios (Dionysis the Liberator) (Marrero, 2003). Contemporary<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_23061783ea5b405db28886fd047909b1%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2015/05/17/Psychedelic-Research-A-Look-Into-The-Past-Present-And-Future</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2015/05/17/Psychedelic-Research-A-Look-Into-The-Past-Present-And-Future</guid><pubDate>Sun, 17 May 2015 16:14:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_23061783ea5b405db28886fd047909b1~mv2.jpg"/><div>Psychedelics in particular are nothing new to human history and have served as catalysts and vehicles of consciousness in many cultures and societies. Walsh (2003) lists various examples in his article, Enthoegens: True or False? </div><div>Historical examples include Hinduism’s soma, the Zoroastrian haoma, the Australian  Aboriginals’ Pituri, Zen’s tea, the kykeon of the Greek Eleusinian mysteries (Smith, 1964),  and the wine of Dionysis Eleutherios (Dionysis the Liberator) (Marrero, 2003). Contemporary examples include the native American peyote, the Rastafarian ganja (marijuana), and the South American shamans’ ayahuasca (Harner, 1973; Walsh, 1990). Clearly there has been widespread agreement across centuries and cultures that psychedelics are capable of inducing genuine religious experiences (Grinspoon &amp; Bakalar, 1997; Grob, 2002; Hunt Badiner, 2002; Roberts, 2001; Smith, 2000). (p. 1)</div><div> Unfortunately despite the historical precedence and prevalence of psychedelic usage in various societal structures throughout history, research on psychedelics in the United States in the 20th century has endured a rather extreme bias that has stymied any significant studies from exploring promising findings. Since the crackdown of the 1960s, we’ve relied upon the wisps of the research and implications of forerunners like Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert (Ram Dass) who created a great interest in psychedelic usage and their broad implications from an academic standpoint in the U.S merely scratched the surface of the potential of positive psychedelic usage in the future. </div><div>Artwork by Christopher Shell</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_66daefaa9ad446ac8ef9bd5658dc74cd~mv2.jpg"/><div>Shortly after Albert Hoffman’s accidental discovery of the psychoactive properties of LSD in 1943, the US government quickly jumped on the scene to put a silent lid on the new drug and create a monopoly of it for their own purposes. The CIA took the lead in this department during a tumultuous second half of the 20th century and the Cold War frenzy that captivated the world. </div><div>Their early dealings with LSD and more were uncovered thanks to FOIA (the Freedom of Information Act) in 1967 the form of redacted documents. These accounts were compiled and can be found in both John Mark’s book, The Search for the “Manchurian Candidate” and Martin A. Lee &amp; Bruce Shlain’s, Acid Dreams: The CIA, LSD, and the Sixties Rebellion. </div><div>During the early years of the US government monopolizing LSD, CIA agents were known to play a game in which they would randomly slip doses of the drug in each other’s drinks during the work day as a gag. Events such as the unfortunate death by suicide of CIA agent Frank Olsen highlighted the very avant garde nature of the department in how it went about observing the effects of LSD on unwitting subjects at times even experimenting on the public.</div><div>Artwork by Andy Gilmore</div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_3116f72d77a944a1ae27b03bd033d779~mv2.jpg"/><div>Ironically, LSD did the exact opposite of what was envisioned by our government. As more and more people began to experiment with LSD in the 1960s, what was initially intended to be a mind control and/or performance enhancing drug, became a synthetic vessel for the expansion of consciousness and a vehicle for a new wave of social revolution. </div><div>To make matters more interesting, the introduction of psilocybin mushrooms into American culture in 1957 thanks to the first hand experiential account of prominent banker R. Gordon Wasson offered a more natural alternative form of psychedelic to the melting pot of 1960s mental expansion. Thus US political fervor demonized psychedelics. It was no longer something exclusively within their control and thus the US government put a ban on these class of drugs despite many very promising therapeutic potentials displayed in academic and clinical research of that era.</div><div>Now almost 50 years later, we are approaching a new renaissance regarding psychedelic research and exploring their potentials as a society. From psilocybin to salvia, DMT to MDMA, new research is describing benefits of these class of drugs as holding exciting new therapeutic approaches to curing addictions and substance abuse, reducing feelings of depression and suicide, general anxiety disorders, and PTSD, as well as serving catalysts for innovating problem solving via microdosing. Furthermore psychedelics all have the potential yet no guarantee to serve as entheogens, a term meaning “revealers of the God within” (Walsh, 2003, p. 1). </div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_c37c4489fe2243a7a7289facbf7d53d9~mv2.jpg"/><div>We have more and more institutions, organizations, and even universities now taking a strong interest in psychedelic research. Universities like Sofia University are offering graduate level courses in psychedelics research and are receiving a strong showing from a very interested and growing student body. Organizations such as MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association of Psychedelic Studies) are conducting groundbreaking research with MDMA and even well known schools like NYU, Yale, Johns Hopkins are involved in clinical trials using psilocybin mushrooms to treat various conditions.The Harbor-U.C.L.A. Medical Center, and the University of New Mexico are also at the forefront of this movement as well. </div><div>Time will tell what the future holds in this field of study in the United States. Despite the many hiccups along the way, the horizon is looking very bright for a better scientific integration of psychedelics in Western medicine. </div><div>About the Author Christopher is a Maryland native, a yoga teacher, and a graduate student at Sofia University pursuing a M.A. in Transpersonal Psychology. His current research interest revolves around psychosomatic healing, esoteric anatomy, dreamwork, and psychedelics. In his spare time he enjoys doing yoga, writing poetry, and performing music.</div><div>References</div><div>Walsh, R. (2003). Entheogens: True or False? University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California. The International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, Volume 22, 1-6.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Propaganda Debunked: Psychedelics Not Linked to Psychosis</title><description><![CDATA[For years, it has been believed that there could be a relationship between psychedelic use and the development of psychosis, psychological distress, and other mental conditions. Only recently has enough time passed to truly get an accurate analysis of the long term effects of the ‘classic’ psychedelics - LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin mushrooms - on the mind. A study conducted by Neuroscientist Teri Suzanne Krebs and Clinical psychologist Pål-Ørjan Johansen of EmmaSofia published March 4th 2015<img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_8ff50d3b50724d4ea4a228915cf676ec%7Emv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_626%2Ch_352/b579b3_8ff50d3b50724d4ea4a228915cf676ec%7Emv2.jpg"/>]]></description><link>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2015/05/01/Propaganda-Debunked-Psychedelics-Not-Linked-to-Psychosis</link><guid>https://www.anewunderstanding.org/single-post/2015/05/01/Propaganda-Debunked-Psychedelics-Not-Linked-to-Psychosis</guid><pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2015 16:10:00 +0000</pubDate><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_8ff50d3b50724d4ea4a228915cf676ec~mv2.jpg"/><div>For years, it has been believed that there could be a relationship between psychedelic use and the development of psychosis, psychological distress, and other mental conditions. Only recently has enough time passed to truly get an accurate analysis of the long term effects of the ‘classic’ psychedelics - LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin mushrooms - on the mind. </div><div>A study conducted by Neuroscientist Teri Suzanne Krebs and Clinical psychologist Pål-Ørjan Johansen of <a href="http://www.emmasofia.org/">EmmaSofia</a> published March 4th 2015 on <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/no-link-found-between-psychedelics-and-psychosis-1.16968">Nature News</a> conclusively shows no increased likeliness of mental health conditions in psychedelic users. The results of the study have been posted in the Journal of Psychopharmacology.</div><div>Krebs and Johansen analyzed the 2008-2011 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) where 135,000 surveyed individuals were chosen at random for analysis, about 14% of which had used psilocybin, LSD, or mescaline. The purpose of the study was to find any sort of relationship between psychedelic use and mental health issues such as psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts and attempts. The researchers found there to be no discernible correlation.</div><div>“Over 30 million US adults have tried psychedelics and there just is not much evidence of health problems.” -Pål-Ørjan Johansen</div><div>In a previous study of theirs, Krebs and Johansen analyzed the data from the 2001-2004 NSDUH and also detected no link in the use of psychedelics and the development of psychological issues.</div><div>“Drug experts consistently rank LSD and psilocybin mushrooms as much less harmful to the individual user and to society compared to alcohol and other controlled substances.” </div><div>-Teri Krebs</div><div>Artwork by <a href="http://alexgrey.com">Alex Grey</a></div><img src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/b579b3_3f4ac5e2453840fb94e9a585a7720208~mv2.jpg"/><div>This is not to say that a mental health condition has not been brought about by psychedelic use in certain circumstances. Some individuals may have underlying conditions or delicate psyches that may be disrupted by the powerful altering effects of these substances. More commonly, however, individuals tend to have more positive responses to their psychedelic experimentation. As a matter of fact, Krebs and Johansen discovered that, in multiple instances, psychedelic drug use correlated with less mental health problems. A number of reports taken from the survey describe “meaningful experiences and lasting beneficial effects” from their use of psychedelics.</div><div>“Given the design of our study, we cannot exclude the possibility that use of psychedelics might have a negative effect on mental health for some individuals or groups, perhaps counterbalanced at a population level by a positive effect on mental health in others.” -Johansen</div><div>These finding are groundbreaking in the world of psychedelics. Much of the negative connotation has now been alleviated and questions are being raised as to what these fascinating substances are truly capable of. Is humanity correct in criminalizing these substances in the interest of human preservation or could a quality controlled cultivation and embrace of their power have benefits for us as a species?</div><div>References</div><div>Cormier, Zoe. &quot;No Link Found between Psychedelics and Psychosis.&quot; Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2015.</div><div>Hendricks, P. S., C. B. Thorne, C. B. Clark, D. W. Coombs, and M. W. Johnson. &quot;Classic Psychedelic Use Is Associated with Reduced Psychological Distress and Suicidality in the United States Adult Population.&quot; Classic Psychedelic Use Is Associated with Reduced Psychological Distress and Suicidality in the United States Adult Population. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2015.</div><div>Johansen, P., and T. Krebs. &quot;Psychedelics Not Linked to Mental Health Problems or Suicidal Behavior: A Population Study.&quot; Psychedelics Not Linked to Mental Health Problems or Suicidal Behavior: A Population Study. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2015.</div><div>&quot;No Link between Psychedelics and Mental Health Problems - ScienceBlog.com.&quot; Science Blog. N.p., 05 Mar. 2015. Web. 10 Mar. 2015.</div></div>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>